A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts

The exploration of non-edible oils as a feedstock has been positively affect the economic viability of biodiesel production. Due to the high level of free fatty acid (FFA) in non-edible oils, esterification is needed to remove the acidity to the minimum level before base-catalyzed transesterificati...

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Main Authors:	Nurul Asmawati, Roslan, Mohammad Haniff, Che Hasnan, Norhayati, Abdullah, Syamsul Bahari, Abdullah, Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University 2016
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17154/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17154/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17154/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17154/1/fkksa-2016-Nurul%20Asmawati-A%20Preliminary%20Study%20Esterification%20of%20Free%20Fatty%20Acids.pdf

id	ump-17154
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-171542017-12-15T06:48:09Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17154/ A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts Nurul Asmawati, Roslan Mohammad Haniff, Che Hasnan Norhayati, Abdullah Syamsul Bahari, Abdullah Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin TP Chemical technology The exploration of non-edible oils as a feedstock has been positively affect the economic viability of biodiesel production. Due to the high level of free fatty acid (FFA) in non-edible oils, esterification is needed to remove the acidity to the minimum level before base-catalyzed transesterification. In this study, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate (HMIMHSO4) was self-synthesized and compared with the commercialized ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate (BMIMHSO4). HMIMHSO4 and BMIMHSO4 were characterized by 1H NMR prior to use in the esterification reaction. The reaction was carried out in a batch reactor and variables such as types of alcohol, oil: alcohol molar ratio, temperature and types of stirring were investigated. The highest conversion for each catalyst was achieved using ethanol as a solvent at the condition of 343 K reaction temperature, 12:1 alcohol to oil ratio in 8 h reaction time. BMIMHSO4 showed higher conversion (98%) as compared to HMIMHSO4 with only 82% conversion. Clearly, BMIMHSO4 shows considerable potential to reduce the FFA in the feedstock as it is exhibit excellent catalytic activity due to lower alkyl chain of BMIMHSO4 compared to HMIMHSO4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University 2016 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en cc_by http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17154/1/fkksa-2016-Nurul%20Asmawati-A%20Preliminary%20Study%20Esterification%20of%20Free%20Fatty%20Acids.pdf Nurul Asmawati, Roslan and Mohammad Haniff, Che Hasnan and Norhayati, Abdullah and Syamsul Bahari, Abdullah and Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin (2016) A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 11 (2). pp. 182-191. ISSN 1978-2993 http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.2.549.182-190 doi: 10.9767/bcrec.11.2.549.182-190
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Nurul Asmawati, Roslan Mohammad Haniff, Che Hasnan Norhayati, Abdullah Syamsul Bahari, Abdullah Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts
description	The exploration of non-edible oils as a feedstock has been positively affect the economic viability of biodiesel production. Due to the high level of free fatty acid (FFA) in non-edible oils, esterification is needed to remove the acidity to the minimum level before base-catalyzed transesterification. In this study, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate (HMIMHSO4) was self-synthesized and compared with the commercialized ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate (BMIMHSO4). HMIMHSO4 and BMIMHSO4 were characterized by 1H NMR prior to use in the esterification reaction. The reaction was carried out in a batch reactor and variables such as types of alcohol, oil: alcohol molar ratio, temperature and types of stirring were investigated. The highest conversion for each catalyst was achieved using ethanol as a solvent at the condition of 343 K reaction temperature, 12:1 alcohol to oil ratio in 8 h reaction time. BMIMHSO4 showed higher conversion (98%) as compared to HMIMHSO4 with only 82% conversion. Clearly, BMIMHSO4 shows considerable potential to reduce the FFA in the feedstock as it is exhibit excellent catalytic activity due to lower alkyl chain of BMIMHSO4 compared to HMIMHSO4.
format	Article
author	Nurul Asmawati, Roslan Mohammad Haniff, Che Hasnan Norhayati, Abdullah Syamsul Bahari, Abdullah Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin
author_facet	Nurul Asmawati, Roslan Mohammad Haniff, Che Hasnan Norhayati, Abdullah Syamsul Bahari, Abdullah Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin
author_sort	Nurul Asmawati, Roslan
title	A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts
title_short	A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts
title_full	A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts
title_fullStr	A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts
title_full_unstemmed	A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts
title_sort	preliminary study: esterification of free fatty acids (ffa) in artificially modified feedstock using ionic liquids as catalysts
publisher	Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University
publishDate	2016
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17154/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17154/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17154/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17154/1/fkksa-2016-Nurul%20Asmawati-A%20Preliminary%20Study%20Esterification%20of%20Free%20Fatty%20Acids.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:23:28Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:23:28Z
_version_	1777415810716794880

A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts

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