European Community—Sugar : Cross-Subsidization and the World Trade Organization
An important recent World Trade Organization dispute settlement case for many developing countries concerned European Union exports of sugar. Brazil, Thailand, and Australia alleged that the exports have substantially exceeded permitted levels as e...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8193042/european-community--sugar-cross-subsidization-world-trade-organization http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7299 |
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okr-10986-72992021-04-23T14:02:34Z European Community—Sugar : Cross-Subsidization and the World Trade Organization Hoekman, Bernard Howse, Robert ABSENCE OF AGREEMENT AD VALOREM ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE AGREEMENT ON SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE APPELLATE BODY AVERAGE VARIABLE COSTS BEET SUGAR BENCHMARK CANE SUGAR COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMERS CONTRACTING PARTIES COST FUNCTIONS COUNTERVAILING DUTIES COUNTERVAILING MEASURES CROSS SUBSIDIZATION CUSTOMS DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PANEL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC SUPPORT DSB DUE PROCESS EUROPEAN UNION EXPORT EXPORT COMPETITION EXPORT COMPETITION COMMITMENTS EXPORT RESTRAINTS EXPORT SALES EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORT SUBSIDY EXPORT SUBSIDY COMMITMENTS EXPORTS FARMERS FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTION FIXED COSTS FREE TRADE GLOBAL EXPORTS GLOBAL WELFARE IMPORTS INTERNAL LAW INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE INTERNATIONAL LAW INTERNATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENT INTERPRETATIVE GUIDANCE JUDGMENT JURISDICTION LDCS LEGAL INTERPRETATIONS LEGAL PROCEEDINGS LEGAL RIGHTS LEGAL SYSTEM LEGAL SYSTEMS LIBERALIZATION MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COST OF PRODUCTION MARGINAL COSTS MARGINAL REVENUE MARKET ACCESS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS NATIONAL TREATMENT NET EXPORTS NORMAL PROFITS PANEL REPORT PANEL REPORTS POLICY RESEARCH PRICE LEVELS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PROHIBITED SUBSIDY QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS REDUCTION COMMITMENTS RENTS SUBSIDIZATION SUBSIDIZED EXPORTS SUGAR SUGAR BEET SUGAR CANE SUGAR INDUSTRY TAXPAYERS TIMBER TOTAL COSTS TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE LAW TRADING SYSTEM TREATIES TREATY INTERPRETATION URUGUAY ROUND WAIVER OF RIGHTS WORLD MARKET WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO An important recent World Trade Organization dispute settlement case for many developing countries concerned European Union exports of sugar. Brazil, Thailand, and Australia alleged that the exports have substantially exceeded permitted levels as established by European Union commitments in the WTO. This case had major implications for both European Union sugar producers and developing countries that benefited from preferential access to the European Union market. It was also noteworthy in the use of economic arguments by the WTO dispute settlement panel, which held that the excess sugar exports were in part a reflection of illegal de facto cross-subsidization-rents from production that benefited from high support prices being used to cover losses associated with exports of sugar to the world market. Although in principle the economic arguments of the panel could apply to many other policy areas, in practice WTO provisions greatly limit the scope to bring similar arguments for trade in products that are not subject to explicit export subsidy reduction commitments of the type that were made for sugar and other agricultural commodities. 2012-06-06T18:39:44Z 2012-06-06T18:39:44Z 2007-08 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8193042/european-community--sugar-cross-subsidization-world-trade-organization http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7299 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4336 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABSENCE OF AGREEMENT AD VALOREM ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE AGREEMENT ON SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE APPELLATE BODY AVERAGE VARIABLE COSTS BEET SUGAR BENCHMARK CANE SUGAR COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMERS CONTRACTING PARTIES COST FUNCTIONS COUNTERVAILING DUTIES COUNTERVAILING MEASURES CROSS SUBSIDIZATION CUSTOMS DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PANEL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC SUPPORT DSB DUE PROCESS EUROPEAN UNION EXPORT EXPORT COMPETITION EXPORT COMPETITION COMMITMENTS EXPORT RESTRAINTS EXPORT SALES EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORT SUBSIDY EXPORT SUBSIDY COMMITMENTS EXPORTS FARMERS FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTION FIXED COSTS FREE TRADE GLOBAL EXPORTS GLOBAL WELFARE IMPORTS INTERNAL LAW INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE INTERNATIONAL LAW INTERNATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENT INTERPRETATIVE GUIDANCE JUDGMENT JURISDICTION LDCS LEGAL INTERPRETATIONS LEGAL PROCEEDINGS LEGAL RIGHTS LEGAL SYSTEM LEGAL SYSTEMS LIBERALIZATION MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COST OF PRODUCTION MARGINAL COSTS MARGINAL REVENUE MARKET ACCESS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS NATIONAL TREATMENT NET EXPORTS NORMAL PROFITS PANEL REPORT PANEL REPORTS POLICY RESEARCH PRICE LEVELS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PROHIBITED SUBSIDY QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS REDUCTION COMMITMENTS RENTS SUBSIDIZATION SUBSIDIZED EXPORTS SUGAR SUGAR BEET SUGAR CANE SUGAR INDUSTRY TAXPAYERS TIMBER TOTAL COSTS TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE LAW TRADING SYSTEM TREATIES TREATY INTERPRETATION URUGUAY ROUND WAIVER OF RIGHTS WORLD MARKET WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO |
| spellingShingle |
ABSENCE OF AGREEMENT AD VALOREM ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE AGREEMENT ON SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE APPELLATE BODY AVERAGE VARIABLE COSTS BEET SUGAR BENCHMARK CANE SUGAR COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMERS CONTRACTING PARTIES COST FUNCTIONS COUNTERVAILING DUTIES COUNTERVAILING MEASURES CROSS SUBSIDIZATION CUSTOMS DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PANEL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC SUPPORT DSB DUE PROCESS EUROPEAN UNION EXPORT EXPORT COMPETITION EXPORT COMPETITION COMMITMENTS EXPORT RESTRAINTS EXPORT SALES EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORT SUBSIDY EXPORT SUBSIDY COMMITMENTS EXPORTS FARMERS FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTION FIXED COSTS FREE TRADE GLOBAL EXPORTS GLOBAL WELFARE IMPORTS INTERNAL LAW INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE INTERNATIONAL LAW INTERNATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENT INTERPRETATIVE GUIDANCE JUDGMENT JURISDICTION LDCS LEGAL INTERPRETATIONS LEGAL PROCEEDINGS LEGAL RIGHTS LEGAL SYSTEM LEGAL SYSTEMS LIBERALIZATION MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COST OF PRODUCTION MARGINAL COSTS MARGINAL REVENUE MARKET ACCESS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS NATIONAL TREATMENT NET EXPORTS NORMAL PROFITS PANEL REPORT PANEL REPORTS POLICY RESEARCH PRICE LEVELS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PROHIBITED SUBSIDY QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS REDUCTION COMMITMENTS RENTS SUBSIDIZATION SUBSIDIZED EXPORTS SUGAR SUGAR BEET SUGAR CANE SUGAR INDUSTRY TAXPAYERS TIMBER TOTAL COSTS TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE LAW TRADING SYSTEM TREATIES TREATY INTERPRETATION URUGUAY ROUND WAIVER OF RIGHTS WORLD MARKET WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Hoekman, Bernard Howse, Robert European Community—Sugar : Cross-Subsidization and the World Trade Organization |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4336 |
| description |
An important recent World Trade
Organization dispute settlement case for many developing
countries concerned European Union exports of sugar. Brazil,
Thailand, and Australia alleged that the exports have
substantially exceeded permitted levels as established by
European Union commitments in the WTO. This case had major
implications for both European Union sugar producers and
developing countries that benefited from preferential access
to the European Union market. It was also noteworthy in the
use of economic arguments by the WTO dispute settlement
panel, which held that the excess sugar exports were in part
a reflection of illegal de facto cross-subsidization-rents
from production that benefited from high support prices
being used to cover losses associated with exports of sugar
to the world market. Although in principle the economic
arguments of the panel could apply to many other policy
areas, in practice WTO provisions greatly limit the scope to
bring similar arguments for trade in products that are not
subject to explicit export subsidy reduction commitments of
the type that were made for sugar and other agricultural commodities. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Hoekman, Bernard Howse, Robert |
| author_facet |
Hoekman, Bernard Howse, Robert |
| author_sort |
Hoekman, Bernard |
| title |
European Community—Sugar : Cross-Subsidization and the World Trade Organization |
| title_short |
European Community—Sugar : Cross-Subsidization and the World Trade Organization |
| title_full |
European Community—Sugar : Cross-Subsidization and the World Trade Organization |
| title_fullStr |
European Community—Sugar : Cross-Subsidization and the World Trade Organization |
| title_full_unstemmed |
European Community—Sugar : Cross-Subsidization and the World Trade Organization |
| title_sort |
european community—sugar : cross-subsidization and the world trade organization |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8193042/european-community--sugar-cross-subsidization-world-trade-organization http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7299 |
| _version_ |
1764402310489833472 |