Landlockedness, Infrastructure and Trade : New Estimates for Central Asian Countries

This paper assesses the impact of internal infrastructure and landlockedness on Central Asian trade using a panel gravity equation estimated on a large sample of countries (167 countries over 1992-2004). The panel structure of the dataset makes it...

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Main Author:	Grigoriou, Christopher
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE VALUE ACCESS TO THE SEA AIM AIR AIRPORTS ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT BILATERAL IMPORTS BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE RELATIONS BORDER CROSSING BORDER CROSSINGS BORDER TRADE BOTTLENECKS BOXES BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAUSE FOR CONCERN CD CENTRAL ASIAN CENTRAL PLANNING CIF COMMODITIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS CONTAINERS COST OF TRANSPORT COSTS OF TRAVEL CROSSING CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS CHARGES ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SYSTEMS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION ELASTICITY OF TRADE ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXPORT PERFORMANCE EXPORT VOLUMES EXPORTS EXTERNAL TRADE EXTREME POVERTY FOREIGN TRADE FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREIGHT FREIGHT COSTS FREIGHT PAYMENTS FREIGHT RATES FREIGHT TRANSPORT GDP GDP DEFLATOR GDP PER CAPITA GLOBAL MARKETS GRAVITY EQUATION GRAVITY MODEL GRAVITY MODELS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HIGH TRANSPORT INCOME LEVELS INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT INVENTORY JOURNEY LAND TRANSPORT LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES MARGINAL COST MODES OF TRANSPORT MONOPOLIES MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION MONOPOLY MULTILATERAL TRADE OIL PRICES PACIFIC REGION PASSENGERS PORT FACILITIES PRICE INDEX PUBLIC GOOD QUALITY OF TRANSIT RAIL RAIL CONNECTIONS RAIL CORRIDOR RAIL NETWORK RAIL NETWORKS RAIL ROUTE RAILROAD RAILROADS RAILWAY RAILWAY LINES RAILWAYS REAL EXCHANGE RATE REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS REGIONALISM REGIONALIZATION ROAD ROAD CARGO ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD NETWORK ROADS ROUTE ROUTES RURAL ROADS SHIPMENTS SHIPPING SHIPPING COSTS SPECIALIZATION STOCKS TERMS OF TRADE TRADE COSTS TRADE DATA TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FLOWS TRADE MORE TRADE PARTNERS TRADE PATTERNS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE VOLUMES TRAFFIC TRAFFIC DENSITY TRAFFIC FLOWS TRANSIT TRANSIT CORRIDOR TRANSIT CORRIDORS TRANSIT COUNTRIES TRANSIT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSIT SERVICES TRANSIT TIMES TRANSIT TRADE TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT FACILITATION TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION COSTS TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TRUCKS UTILITY FUNCTION UTILITY MAXIMIZATION VOLUME OF TRADE WORLD MARKETS WTO
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8185264/landlockedness-infrastructure-trade-new-estimates-central-asian-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7294

id	okr-10986-7294
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-72942021-04-23T14:02:34Z Landlockedness, Infrastructure and Trade : New Estimates for Central Asian Countries Grigoriou, Christopher ABSOLUTE VALUE ACCESS TO THE SEA AIM AIR AIRPORTS ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT BILATERAL IMPORTS BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE RELATIONS BORDER CROSSING BORDER CROSSINGS BORDER TRADE BOTTLENECKS BOXES BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAUSE FOR CONCERN CD CENTRAL ASIAN CENTRAL PLANNING CIF COMMODITIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS CONTAINERS COST OF TRANSPORT COSTS OF TRAVEL CROSSING CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS CHARGES ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SYSTEMS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION ELASTICITY OF TRADE ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXPORT PERFORMANCE EXPORT VOLUMES EXPORTS EXTERNAL TRADE EXTREME POVERTY FOREIGN TRADE FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREIGHT FREIGHT COSTS FREIGHT PAYMENTS FREIGHT RATES FREIGHT TRANSPORT GDP GDP DEFLATOR GDP PER CAPITA GLOBAL MARKETS GRAVITY EQUATION GRAVITY MODEL GRAVITY MODELS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HIGH TRANSPORT INCOME LEVELS INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT INVENTORY JOURNEY LAND TRANSPORT LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES MARGINAL COST MODES OF TRANSPORT MONOPOLIES MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION MONOPOLY MULTILATERAL TRADE OIL PRICES PACIFIC REGION PASSENGERS PORT FACILITIES PRICE INDEX PUBLIC GOOD QUALITY OF TRANSIT RAIL RAIL CONNECTIONS RAIL CORRIDOR RAIL NETWORK RAIL NETWORKS RAIL ROUTE RAILROAD RAILROADS RAILWAY RAILWAY LINES RAILWAYS REAL EXCHANGE RATE REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS REGIONALISM REGIONALIZATION ROAD ROAD CARGO ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD NETWORK ROADS ROUTE ROUTES RURAL ROADS SHIPMENTS SHIPPING SHIPPING COSTS SPECIALIZATION STOCKS TERMS OF TRADE TRADE COSTS TRADE DATA TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FLOWS TRADE MORE TRADE PARTNERS TRADE PATTERNS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE VOLUMES TRAFFIC TRAFFIC DENSITY TRAFFIC FLOWS TRANSIT TRANSIT CORRIDOR TRANSIT CORRIDORS TRANSIT COUNTRIES TRANSIT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSIT SERVICES TRANSIT TIMES TRANSIT TRADE TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT FACILITATION TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION COSTS TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TRUCKS UTILITY FUNCTION UTILITY MAXIMIZATION VOLUME OF TRADE WORLD MARKETS WTO This paper assesses the impact of internal infrastructure and landlockedness on Central Asian trade using a panel gravity equation estimated on a large sample of countries (167 countries over 1992-2004). The panel structure of the dataset makes it possible to control for country-pair specific effects (as opposed to the usual importer and exporter effects) that would otherwise be captured by the coefficients of time-invariant variables such as distance or landlockness. Our findings highlight the need to pursue a dual policy agenda. First, transit corridors are regional public goods and should be managed as such through international cooperation. International Financial Institutions can -and do- play a key role in this regard through assistance, coordination and policy dialogue. Second, the Central Asian countries should actively seek diversification of their transit corridors to prevent the creation or maintenance of monopoly positions in transit and bottleneck points such as trans-shipment platforms. 2012-06-06T18:25:27Z 2012-06-06T18:25:27Z 2007-08 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8185264/landlockedness-infrastructure-trade-new-estimates-central-asian-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7294 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4335 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Europe and Central Asia
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ABSOLUTE VALUE ACCESS TO THE SEA AIM AIR AIRPORTS ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT BILATERAL IMPORTS BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE RELATIONS BORDER CROSSING BORDER CROSSINGS BORDER TRADE BOTTLENECKS BOXES BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAUSE FOR CONCERN CD CENTRAL ASIAN CENTRAL PLANNING CIF COMMODITIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS CONTAINERS COST OF TRANSPORT COSTS OF TRAVEL CROSSING CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS CHARGES ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SYSTEMS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION ELASTICITY OF TRADE ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXPORT PERFORMANCE EXPORT VOLUMES EXPORTS EXTERNAL TRADE EXTREME POVERTY FOREIGN TRADE FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREIGHT FREIGHT COSTS FREIGHT PAYMENTS FREIGHT RATES FREIGHT TRANSPORT GDP GDP DEFLATOR GDP PER CAPITA GLOBAL MARKETS GRAVITY EQUATION GRAVITY MODEL GRAVITY MODELS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HIGH TRANSPORT INCOME LEVELS INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT INVENTORY JOURNEY LAND TRANSPORT LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES MARGINAL COST MODES OF TRANSPORT MONOPOLIES MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION MONOPOLY MULTILATERAL TRADE OIL PRICES PACIFIC REGION PASSENGERS PORT FACILITIES PRICE INDEX PUBLIC GOOD QUALITY OF TRANSIT RAIL RAIL CONNECTIONS RAIL CORRIDOR RAIL NETWORK RAIL NETWORKS RAIL ROUTE RAILROAD RAILROADS RAILWAY RAILWAY LINES RAILWAYS REAL EXCHANGE RATE REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS REGIONALISM REGIONALIZATION ROAD ROAD CARGO ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD NETWORK ROADS ROUTE ROUTES RURAL ROADS SHIPMENTS SHIPPING SHIPPING COSTS SPECIALIZATION STOCKS TERMS OF TRADE TRADE COSTS TRADE DATA TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FLOWS TRADE MORE TRADE PARTNERS TRADE PATTERNS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE VOLUMES TRAFFIC TRAFFIC DENSITY TRAFFIC FLOWS TRANSIT TRANSIT CORRIDOR TRANSIT CORRIDORS TRANSIT COUNTRIES TRANSIT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSIT SERVICES TRANSIT TIMES TRANSIT TRADE TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT FACILITATION TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION COSTS TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TRUCKS UTILITY FUNCTION UTILITY MAXIMIZATION VOLUME OF TRADE WORLD MARKETS WTO
spellingShingle	ABSOLUTE VALUE ACCESS TO THE SEA AIM AIR AIRPORTS ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT BILATERAL IMPORTS BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE RELATIONS BORDER CROSSING BORDER CROSSINGS BORDER TRADE BOTTLENECKS BOXES BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAUSE FOR CONCERN CD CENTRAL ASIAN CENTRAL PLANNING CIF COMMODITIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS CONTAINERS COST OF TRANSPORT COSTS OF TRAVEL CROSSING CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS CHARGES ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SYSTEMS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION ELASTICITY OF TRADE ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXPORT PERFORMANCE EXPORT VOLUMES EXPORTS EXTERNAL TRADE EXTREME POVERTY FOREIGN TRADE FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREIGHT FREIGHT COSTS FREIGHT PAYMENTS FREIGHT RATES FREIGHT TRANSPORT GDP GDP DEFLATOR GDP PER CAPITA GLOBAL MARKETS GRAVITY EQUATION GRAVITY MODEL GRAVITY MODELS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HIGH TRANSPORT INCOME LEVELS INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT INVENTORY JOURNEY LAND TRANSPORT LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES MARGINAL COST MODES OF TRANSPORT MONOPOLIES MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION MONOPOLY MULTILATERAL TRADE OIL PRICES PACIFIC REGION PASSENGERS PORT FACILITIES PRICE INDEX PUBLIC GOOD QUALITY OF TRANSIT RAIL RAIL CONNECTIONS RAIL CORRIDOR RAIL NETWORK RAIL NETWORKS RAIL ROUTE RAILROAD RAILROADS RAILWAY RAILWAY LINES RAILWAYS REAL EXCHANGE RATE REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS REGIONALISM REGIONALIZATION ROAD ROAD CARGO ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD NETWORK ROADS ROUTE ROUTES RURAL ROADS SHIPMENTS SHIPPING SHIPPING COSTS SPECIALIZATION STOCKS TERMS OF TRADE TRADE COSTS TRADE DATA TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FLOWS TRADE MORE TRADE PARTNERS TRADE PATTERNS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE VOLUMES TRAFFIC TRAFFIC DENSITY TRAFFIC FLOWS TRANSIT TRANSIT CORRIDOR TRANSIT CORRIDORS TRANSIT COUNTRIES TRANSIT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSIT SERVICES TRANSIT TIMES TRANSIT TRADE TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT FACILITATION TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION COSTS TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TRUCKS UTILITY FUNCTION UTILITY MAXIMIZATION VOLUME OF TRADE WORLD MARKETS WTO Grigoriou, Christopher Landlockedness, Infrastructure and Trade : New Estimates for Central Asian Countries
geographic_facet	Europe and Central Asia
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4335
description	This paper assesses the impact of internal infrastructure and landlockedness on Central Asian trade using a panel gravity equation estimated on a large sample of countries (167 countries over 1992-2004). The panel structure of the dataset makes it possible to control for country-pair specific effects (as opposed to the usual importer and exporter effects) that would otherwise be captured by the coefficients of time-invariant variables such as distance or landlockness. Our findings highlight the need to pursue a dual policy agenda. First, transit corridors are regional public goods and should be managed as such through international cooperation. International Financial Institutions can -and do- play a key role in this regard through assistance, coordination and policy dialogue. Second, the Central Asian countries should actively seek diversification of their transit corridors to prevent the creation or maintenance of monopoly positions in transit and bottleneck points such as trans-shipment platforms.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Grigoriou, Christopher
author_facet	Grigoriou, Christopher
author_sort	Grigoriou, Christopher
title	Landlockedness, Infrastructure and Trade : New Estimates for Central Asian Countries
title_short	Landlockedness, Infrastructure and Trade : New Estimates for Central Asian Countries
title_full	Landlockedness, Infrastructure and Trade : New Estimates for Central Asian Countries
title_fullStr	Landlockedness, Infrastructure and Trade : New Estimates for Central Asian Countries
title_full_unstemmed	Landlockedness, Infrastructure and Trade : New Estimates for Central Asian Countries
title_sort	landlockedness, infrastructure and trade : new estimates for central asian countries
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8185264/landlockedness-infrastructure-trade-new-estimates-central-asian-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7294
_version_	1764402298031702016

Landlockedness, Infrastructure and Trade : New Estimates for Central Asian Countries

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