Technology Trap and Poverty Trap in Sub-Saharan Africa

Since the industrial revolution, advances in science and technology have continuously accounted for most of the growth and wealth accumulation in leading industrialized economies. In recent years, the contribution of technological progress to growt...

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Main Author:	Fofack, Hippolyte
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE TERMS AGGREGATE LEVEL AGGREGATE OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE ATTRIBUTES AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE AVERAGE INCOME BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BASIC BEST PRACTICE BUSINESS CLIMATE BUSINESS CYCLES BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPABILITIES CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT CAPITAL MARKETS CHOICE OF TECHNOLOGY COMMERCE COMMODITIES COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPONENTS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONVERGENCE HYPOTHESIS COVARIANCE MATRIX DATA AVAILABILITY DATA COMPRESSION DATA REDUCTION DATA SETS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPED WORLD DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT GOALS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIMINISHING RETURNS DIVERSIFICATION DOMESTIC CREDIT ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC HISTORY ECONOMIC INEFFICIENCY ECONOMIC LITERATURE ECONOMIC OVERHEATING ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL RESULTS EMPIRICAL STUDIES ENGINEERING ENGINEERS EQUILIBRIUM EQUIPMENT EXCESS SUPPLY EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL DEPTH FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FIXED COSTS FIXED EFFECTS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GEOGRAPHIC POVERTY TRAPS GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL LEVEL GLOBALIZATION GROWTH ELASTICITY GROWTH MODEL GROWTH MODELS GROWTH POTENTIALS GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES GROWTH THEORY HIGH TECHNOLOGY HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT INCOME INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INDUSTRIALIZATION INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES INFLATION RATE INNOVATION INNOVATIONS INSTITUTION INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTIONS INVESTMENT FUNCTIONS KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY KNOWLEDGE SOCIETIES LABOR FORCE LEARNING LIVING STANDARDS LONG RUN LONG-RUN GROWTH LOSS OF INFORMATION LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES M2 MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY MANUFACTURING MARGINAL EFFECT MARKET ECONOMIES MEAN VALUE MEDICINE MICRO DATA MICRO MODEL MONETARY ECONOMICS NEOCLASSICAL MODELS NEW TECHNOLOGIES 0 HYPOTHESIS OIL EXPORTERS OUTPUT GAP OUTPUT GROWTH PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY LEVEL POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR COUNTRIES POVERTY GAP POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY TRAPS PRIMARY PRODUCTS PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLISHING PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY R&D REAL GDP REAL INTEREST RATES RESULT RICH COUNTRIES SATELLITE SAVING RATE SCALE EFFECT SCIENTISTS SEMICONDUCTORS SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION SIMULATION SKEWED DISTRIBUTION SKILLED LABOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TECHNOLOGY FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRADE OPENNESS TRADE SHOCKS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES USERS WEALTH WEALTH CREATION WEB WORLD INCOME DISTRIBUTION
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9296609/technology-trap-poverty-trap-sub-saharan-africa http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6491

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recordtype	oai_dc
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institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ABSOLUTE TERMS AGGREGATE LEVEL AGGREGATE OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE ATTRIBUTES AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE AVERAGE INCOME BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BASIC BEST PRACTICE BUSINESS CLIMATE BUSINESS CYCLES BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPABILITIES CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT CAPITAL MARKETS CHOICE OF TECHNOLOGY COMMERCE COMMODITIES COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPONENTS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONVERGENCE HYPOTHESIS COVARIANCE MATRIX DATA AVAILABILITY DATA COMPRESSION DATA REDUCTION DATA SETS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPED WORLD DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT GOALS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIMINISHING RETURNS DIVERSIFICATION DOMESTIC CREDIT ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC HISTORY ECONOMIC INEFFICIENCY ECONOMIC LITERATURE ECONOMIC OVERHEATING ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL RESULTS EMPIRICAL STUDIES ENGINEERING ENGINEERS EQUILIBRIUM EQUIPMENT EXCESS SUPPLY EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL DEPTH FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FIXED COSTS FIXED EFFECTS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GEOGRAPHIC POVERTY TRAPS GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL LEVEL GLOBALIZATION GROWTH ELASTICITY GROWTH MODEL GROWTH MODELS GROWTH POTENTIALS GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES GROWTH THEORY HIGH TECHNOLOGY HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT INCOME INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INDUSTRIALIZATION INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES INFLATION RATE INNOVATION INNOVATIONS INSTITUTION INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTIONS INVESTMENT FUNCTIONS KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY KNOWLEDGE SOCIETIES LABOR FORCE LEARNING LIVING STANDARDS LONG RUN LONG-RUN GROWTH LOSS OF INFORMATION LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES M2 MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY MANUFACTURING MARGINAL EFFECT MARKET ECONOMIES MEAN VALUE MEDICINE MICRO DATA MICRO MODEL MONETARY ECONOMICS NEOCLASSICAL MODELS NEW TECHNOLOGIES 0 HYPOTHESIS OIL EXPORTERS OUTPUT GAP OUTPUT GROWTH PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY LEVEL POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR COUNTRIES POVERTY GAP POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY TRAPS PRIMARY PRODUCTS PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLISHING PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY R&D REAL GDP REAL INTEREST RATES RESULT RICH COUNTRIES SATELLITE SAVING RATE SCALE EFFECT SCIENTISTS SEMICONDUCTORS SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION SIMULATION SKEWED DISTRIBUTION SKILLED LABOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TECHNOLOGY FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRADE OPENNESS TRADE SHOCKS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES USERS WEALTH WEALTH CREATION WEB WORLD INCOME DISTRIBUTION
spellingShingle	ABSOLUTE TERMS AGGREGATE LEVEL AGGREGATE OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE ATTRIBUTES AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE AVERAGE INCOME BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BASIC BEST PRACTICE BUSINESS CLIMATE BUSINESS CYCLES BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPABILITIES CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT CAPITAL MARKETS CHOICE OF TECHNOLOGY COMMERCE COMMODITIES COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPONENTS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONVERGENCE HYPOTHESIS COVARIANCE MATRIX DATA AVAILABILITY DATA COMPRESSION DATA REDUCTION DATA SETS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPED WORLD DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT GOALS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIMINISHING RETURNS DIVERSIFICATION DOMESTIC CREDIT ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC HISTORY ECONOMIC INEFFICIENCY ECONOMIC LITERATURE ECONOMIC OVERHEATING ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL RESULTS EMPIRICAL STUDIES ENGINEERING ENGINEERS EQUILIBRIUM EQUIPMENT EXCESS SUPPLY EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL DEPTH FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FIXED COSTS FIXED EFFECTS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GEOGRAPHIC POVERTY TRAPS GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL LEVEL GLOBALIZATION GROWTH ELASTICITY GROWTH MODEL GROWTH MODELS GROWTH POTENTIALS GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES GROWTH THEORY HIGH TECHNOLOGY HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT INCOME INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INDUSTRIALIZATION INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES INFLATION RATE INNOVATION INNOVATIONS INSTITUTION INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTIONS INVESTMENT FUNCTIONS KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY KNOWLEDGE SOCIETIES LABOR FORCE LEARNING LIVING STANDARDS LONG RUN LONG-RUN GROWTH LOSS OF INFORMATION LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES M2 MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY MANUFACTURING MARGINAL EFFECT MARKET ECONOMIES MEAN VALUE MEDICINE MICRO DATA MICRO MODEL MONETARY ECONOMICS NEOCLASSICAL MODELS NEW TECHNOLOGIES 0 HYPOTHESIS OIL EXPORTERS OUTPUT GAP OUTPUT GROWTH PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY LEVEL POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR COUNTRIES POVERTY GAP POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY TRAPS PRIMARY PRODUCTS PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLISHING PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY R&D REAL GDP REAL INTEREST RATES RESULT RICH COUNTRIES SATELLITE SAVING RATE SCALE EFFECT SCIENTISTS SEMICONDUCTORS SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION SIMULATION SKEWED DISTRIBUTION SKILLED LABOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TECHNOLOGY FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRADE OPENNESS TRADE SHOCKS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES USERS WEALTH WEALTH CREATION WEB WORLD INCOME DISTRIBUTION Fofack, Hippolyte Technology Trap and Poverty Trap in Sub-Saharan Africa
geographic_facet	Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4582
description	Since the industrial revolution, advances in science and technology have continuously accounted for most of the growth and wealth accumulation in leading industrialized economies. In recent years, the contribution of technological progress to growth and welfare improvement has increased even further, especially with the globalization process which has been characterized by exponential growth in exports of manufactured goods. This paper establishes the existence of a technology trap in Sub-Saharan Africa. It shows that the widening income and welfare gap between Sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of world is largely accounted for by the technology trap responsible for the poverty trap. This result is supported by empirical evidence which suggests that if countries in Sub-Saharan Africa were using the same level of technology enjoyed by industrialized countries income levels in Sub-Saharan Africa would be significantly higher. The result is robust, even after controlling for institutional, macroeconomic instability and volatility factors. Consistent with standard one-sector neoclassical growth models, this suggests that uniform convergence to a worldwide technology frontier may lead to income convergence in the spherical space. Overcoming the technology trap in Sub-Saharan Africa may therefore be essential to achieving the Millennium Development Goals and evolving toward global convergence in the process of economic development.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Fofack, Hippolyte
author_facet	Fofack, Hippolyte
author_sort	Fofack, Hippolyte
title	Technology Trap and Poverty Trap in Sub-Saharan Africa
title_short	Technology Trap and Poverty Trap in Sub-Saharan Africa
title_full	Technology Trap and Poverty Trap in Sub-Saharan Africa
title_fullStr	Technology Trap and Poverty Trap in Sub-Saharan Africa
title_full_unstemmed	Technology Trap and Poverty Trap in Sub-Saharan Africa
title_sort	technology trap and poverty trap in sub-saharan africa
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9296609/technology-trap-poverty-trap-sub-saharan-africa http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6491
_version_	1764400380841558016
spelling	okr-10986-64912021-04-23T14:02:31Z Technology Trap and Poverty Trap in Sub-Saharan Africa Fofack, Hippolyte ABSOLUTE TERMS AGGREGATE LEVEL AGGREGATE OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE ATTRIBUTES AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE AVERAGE INCOME BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BASIC BEST PRACTICE BUSINESS CLIMATE BUSINESS CYCLES BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPABILITIES CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT CAPITAL MARKETS CHOICE OF TECHNOLOGY COMMERCE COMMODITIES COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPONENTS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONVERGENCE HYPOTHESIS COVARIANCE MATRIX DATA AVAILABILITY DATA COMPRESSION DATA REDUCTION DATA SETS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPED WORLD DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT GOALS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIMINISHING RETURNS DIVERSIFICATION DOMESTIC CREDIT ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC HISTORY ECONOMIC INEFFICIENCY ECONOMIC LITERATURE ECONOMIC OVERHEATING ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL RESULTS EMPIRICAL STUDIES ENGINEERING ENGINEERS EQUILIBRIUM EQUIPMENT EXCESS SUPPLY EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL DEPTH FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FIXED COSTS FIXED EFFECTS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GEOGRAPHIC POVERTY TRAPS GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL LEVEL GLOBALIZATION GROWTH ELASTICITY GROWTH MODEL GROWTH MODELS GROWTH POTENTIALS GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES GROWTH THEORY HIGH TECHNOLOGY HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT INCOME INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INDUSTRIALIZATION INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES INFLATION RATE INNOVATION INNOVATIONS INSTITUTION INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTIONS INVESTMENT FUNCTIONS KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY KNOWLEDGE SOCIETIES LABOR FORCE LEARNING LIVING STANDARDS LONG RUN LONG-RUN GROWTH LOSS OF INFORMATION LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES M2 MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY MANUFACTURING MARGINAL EFFECT MARKET ECONOMIES MEAN VALUE MEDICINE MICRO DATA MICRO MODEL MONETARY ECONOMICS NEOCLASSICAL MODELS NEW TECHNOLOGIES 0 HYPOTHESIS OIL EXPORTERS OUTPUT GAP OUTPUT GROWTH PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY LEVEL POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR COUNTRIES POVERTY GAP POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY TRAPS PRIMARY PRODUCTS PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLISHING PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY R&D REAL GDP REAL INTEREST RATES RESULT RICH COUNTRIES SATELLITE SAVING RATE SCALE EFFECT SCIENTISTS SEMICONDUCTORS SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION SIMULATION SKEWED DISTRIBUTION SKILLED LABOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TECHNOLOGY FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRADE OPENNESS TRADE SHOCKS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES USERS WEALTH WEALTH CREATION WEB WORLD INCOME DISTRIBUTION Since the industrial revolution, advances in science and technology have continuously accounted for most of the growth and wealth accumulation in leading industrialized economies. In recent years, the contribution of technological progress to growth and welfare improvement has increased even further, especially with the globalization process which has been characterized by exponential growth in exports of manufactured goods. This paper establishes the existence of a technology trap in Sub-Saharan Africa. It shows that the widening income and welfare gap between Sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of world is largely accounted for by the technology trap responsible for the poverty trap. This result is supported by empirical evidence which suggests that if countries in Sub-Saharan Africa were using the same level of technology enjoyed by industrialized countries income levels in Sub-Saharan Africa would be significantly higher. The result is robust, even after controlling for institutional, macroeconomic instability and volatility factors. Consistent with standard one-sector neoclassical growth models, this suggests that uniform convergence to a worldwide technology frontier may lead to income convergence in the spherical space. Overcoming the technology trap in Sub-Saharan Africa may therefore be essential to achieving the Millennium Development Goals and evolving toward global convergence in the process of economic development. 2012-05-25T22:15:52Z 2012-05-25T22:15:52Z 2008-03 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9296609/technology-trap-poverty-trap-sub-saharan-africa http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6491 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4582 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Technology Trap and Poverty Trap in Sub-Saharan Africa

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