Agricultural Distortions in Sub-Saharan Africa : Trade and Welfare Indicators, 1961 to 2004

For decades, agricultural price and trade policies in Sub-Saharan Africa have hampered farmers contributions to economic growth and poverty reduction. Although there has been much policy reform over the past two decades, the injections of agricult...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Croser, Johanna, Anderson, Kym
Format: Policy Research Working Paper
Language:English
Published: 2012
Subjects:
GDP
TAX
Online Access:http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100623090554
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3830
id okr-10986-3830
recordtype oai_dc
spelling okr-10986-38302021-04-23T14:02:13Z Agricultural Distortions in Sub-Saharan Africa : Trade and Welfare Indicators, 1961 to 2004 Croser, Johanna Anderson, Kym AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL PRICE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE ANTI-TRADE BENCHMARK BORDER PRICE COMMODITIES COMMODITY COMPETITIVE MARKETS CONSUMER PRICE CONSUMER PRICES CONSUMERS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DOLLAR VALUES DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC DISTORTIONS DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATES ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC WELFARE ELASTICITY ASSUMPTION EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORT SUBSIDY EXPORT TAX EXPORT TAX EQUIVALENTS EXPORT TAXES EXPORTABLE GOODS EXPORTS FOOD PRICES FREE TRADE GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE GROSS VALUE IMPORT TARIFF IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORT TAX IMPORT TAXES IMPORT VOLUME IMPORTS INDEX NUMBERS INPUT PRICES INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY MARKET FAILURE MARKET INDEXES NATIONAL INCOME OPEN ECONOMY OUTPUT PARTICULAR COUNTRY POVERTY ALLEVIATION PREFERENTIAL TRADE PRICE CHANGE PRICE DISTORTION PRICE DISTORTIONS PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE SUPPORT PRODUCER PRICE PRODUCER PRICES REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS SUPPLY CURVES SUPPLY FUNCTIONS SURPLUS TARIFF DATA TARIFF RATE TAX TAX RATE TAXATION TRADE COSTS TRADE DATA TRADE DISTORTIONS TRADE EFFECTS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE PRICES TRADE REDUCTION TRADE TAX TRADE VOLUME TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPARENCY VALUE OF IMPORTS VOLUME OF TRADE WELFARE ECONOMICS WELFARE IMPACTS WELFARE LOSS WELFARE LOSSES For decades, agricultural price and trade policies in Sub-Saharan Africa have hampered farmers contributions to economic growth and poverty reduction. Although there has been much policy reform over the past two decades, the injections of agricultural development funding, together with ongoing regional and global trade negotiations, have brought distortionary policies under the spotlight once again. A key question asked of those policies is: How much are they still reducing national economic welfare and trade? Economy-wide models are able to address that question, but they are not available for many poor countries. Even where they are, typically they apply to just one particular previous year and so are unable to provide trends in effects over time. This paper provides a partial-equilibrium alternative to economy-wide modeling, by drawing on a modification of so-called trade restrictiveness indexes to provide theoretically precise indicators of the trade and welfare effects of agricultural policy distortions to producer and consumer prices over the past half-century. The authors generate time series of country level indexes, as well as Africa-wide aggregates. They also provide annual commodity market indexes for the region, and a sense of the relative importance of the key policy instruments used. 2012-03-19T18:40:34Z 2012-03-19T18:40:34Z 2010-06-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100623090554 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3830 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5344 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Africa Africa Africa
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
topic AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES
AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
AGRICULTURAL PRICE
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
AGRICULTURAL TRADE
AGRICULTURE
ANTI-TRADE
BENCHMARK
BORDER PRICE
COMMODITIES
COMMODITY
COMPETITIVE MARKETS
CONSUMER PRICE
CONSUMER PRICES
CONSUMERS
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRY
DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
DOLLAR VALUES
DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION
DOMESTIC DEMAND
DOMESTIC DISTORTIONS
DOMESTIC PRICE
DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATES
ECONOMIC COOPERATION
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC WELFARE
ELASTICITY ASSUMPTION
EQUILIBRIUM
EXCHANGE RATE
EXCHANGE RATES
EXPORT SUBSIDIES
EXPORT SUBSIDY
EXPORT TAX
EXPORT TAX EQUIVALENTS
EXPORT TAXES
EXPORTABLE GOODS
EXPORTS
FOOD PRICES
FREE TRADE
GDP
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
GLOBAL MARKETS
GLOBAL TRADE
GROSS VALUE
IMPORT TARIFF
IMPORT TARIFFS
IMPORT TAX
IMPORT TAXES
IMPORT VOLUME
IMPORTS
INDEX NUMBERS
INPUT PRICES
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY
MARKET FAILURE
MARKET INDEXES
NATIONAL INCOME
OPEN ECONOMY
OUTPUT
PARTICULAR COUNTRY
POVERTY ALLEVIATION
PREFERENTIAL TRADE
PRICE CHANGE
PRICE DISTORTION
PRICE DISTORTIONS
PRICE ELASTICITY
PRICE SUPPORT
PRODUCER PRICE
PRODUCER PRICES
REGIONAL TRADE
REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
SUPPLY CURVES
SUPPLY FUNCTIONS
SURPLUS
TARIFF DATA
TARIFF RATE
TAX
TAX RATE
TAXATION
TRADE COSTS
TRADE DATA
TRADE DISTORTIONS
TRADE EFFECTS
TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
TRADE POLICIES
TRADE POLICY
TRADE PRICES
TRADE REDUCTION
TRADE TAX
TRADE VOLUME
TRANSITION ECONOMIES
TRANSPARENCY
VALUE OF IMPORTS
VOLUME OF TRADE
WELFARE ECONOMICS
WELFARE IMPACTS
WELFARE LOSS
WELFARE LOSSES
spellingShingle AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES
AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
AGRICULTURAL PRICE
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
AGRICULTURAL TRADE
AGRICULTURE
ANTI-TRADE
BENCHMARK
BORDER PRICE
COMMODITIES
COMMODITY
COMPETITIVE MARKETS
CONSUMER PRICE
CONSUMER PRICES
CONSUMERS
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRY
DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
DOLLAR VALUES
DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION
DOMESTIC DEMAND
DOMESTIC DISTORTIONS
DOMESTIC PRICE
DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATES
ECONOMIC COOPERATION
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC WELFARE
ELASTICITY ASSUMPTION
EQUILIBRIUM
EXCHANGE RATE
EXCHANGE RATES
EXPORT SUBSIDIES
EXPORT SUBSIDY
EXPORT TAX
EXPORT TAX EQUIVALENTS
EXPORT TAXES
EXPORTABLE GOODS
EXPORTS
FOOD PRICES
FREE TRADE
GDP
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
GLOBAL MARKETS
GLOBAL TRADE
GROSS VALUE
IMPORT TARIFF
IMPORT TARIFFS
IMPORT TAX
IMPORT TAXES
IMPORT VOLUME
IMPORTS
INDEX NUMBERS
INPUT PRICES
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY
MARKET FAILURE
MARKET INDEXES
NATIONAL INCOME
OPEN ECONOMY
OUTPUT
PARTICULAR COUNTRY
POVERTY ALLEVIATION
PREFERENTIAL TRADE
PRICE CHANGE
PRICE DISTORTION
PRICE DISTORTIONS
PRICE ELASTICITY
PRICE SUPPORT
PRODUCER PRICE
PRODUCER PRICES
REGIONAL TRADE
REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
SUPPLY CURVES
SUPPLY FUNCTIONS
SURPLUS
TARIFF DATA
TARIFF RATE
TAX
TAX RATE
TAXATION
TRADE COSTS
TRADE DATA
TRADE DISTORTIONS
TRADE EFFECTS
TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
TRADE POLICIES
TRADE POLICY
TRADE PRICES
TRADE REDUCTION
TRADE TAX
TRADE VOLUME
TRANSITION ECONOMIES
TRANSPARENCY
VALUE OF IMPORTS
VOLUME OF TRADE
WELFARE ECONOMICS
WELFARE IMPACTS
WELFARE LOSS
WELFARE LOSSES
Croser, Johanna
Anderson, Kym
Agricultural Distortions in Sub-Saharan Africa : Trade and Welfare Indicators, 1961 to 2004
geographic_facet Africa
Africa
Africa
relation Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5344
description For decades, agricultural price and trade policies in Sub-Saharan Africa have hampered farmers contributions to economic growth and poverty reduction. Although there has been much policy reform over the past two decades, the injections of agricultural development funding, together with ongoing regional and global trade negotiations, have brought distortionary policies under the spotlight once again. A key question asked of those policies is: How much are they still reducing national economic welfare and trade? Economy-wide models are able to address that question, but they are not available for many poor countries. Even where they are, typically they apply to just one particular previous year and so are unable to provide trends in effects over time. This paper provides a partial-equilibrium alternative to economy-wide modeling, by drawing on a modification of so-called trade restrictiveness indexes to provide theoretically precise indicators of the trade and welfare effects of agricultural policy distortions to producer and consumer prices over the past half-century. The authors generate time series of country level indexes, as well as Africa-wide aggregates. They also provide annual commodity market indexes for the region, and a sense of the relative importance of the key policy instruments used.
format Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author Croser, Johanna
Anderson, Kym
author_facet Croser, Johanna
Anderson, Kym
author_sort Croser, Johanna
title Agricultural Distortions in Sub-Saharan Africa : Trade and Welfare Indicators, 1961 to 2004
title_short Agricultural Distortions in Sub-Saharan Africa : Trade and Welfare Indicators, 1961 to 2004
title_full Agricultural Distortions in Sub-Saharan Africa : Trade and Welfare Indicators, 1961 to 2004
title_fullStr Agricultural Distortions in Sub-Saharan Africa : Trade and Welfare Indicators, 1961 to 2004
title_full_unstemmed Agricultural Distortions in Sub-Saharan Africa : Trade and Welfare Indicators, 1961 to 2004
title_sort agricultural distortions in sub-saharan africa : trade and welfare indicators, 1961 to 2004
publishDate 2012
url http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100623090554
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3830
_version_ 1764388563058688000