Engendering trade

The authors analyze the interaction between a country's world market integration and its attitude towards gender roles. They discuss both theoretically and empirically how female empowerment is a source of comparative advantage that shapes a c...

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Main Authors: Do, Quy-Toan, Levchenko, Andrei A., Raddatz, Claudio
Format: Policy Research Working Paper
Language:English
Published: 2012
Subjects:
GDP
STD
Online Access:http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110823155547
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3540
id okr-10986-3540
recordtype oai_dc
spelling okr-10986-35402021-04-23T14:02:10Z Engendering trade Do, Quy-Toan Levchenko, Andrei A. Raddatz, Claudio ACCOUNTING AGGREGATE INCOME AGGREGATE SUPPLY AGRICULTURE ALLOCATION BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER BILATERAL TRADE BIRTHS BUSINESS CYCLE CAPITAL INVESTMENT COLLEGE EDUCATION COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION LEVELS CROSS-SECTORAL VARIATION DEMAND CURVE DEMAND CURVES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN DIVISION OF LABOR DOWNWARD PRESSURE ECONOMIC FORCES ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EQUILIBRIUM PRICES EQUILIBRIUM WAGES EXOGENOUS CHARACTERISTICS EXPORTS FACTOR MARKETS FEMALE EMPLOYEES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE INTENSITY FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE POPULATION FEMALE WORKERS FORMAL LABOR MARKET FUNCTIONAL FORMS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENDER GENDER COMPOSITION GENDER DISCRIMINATION GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER IMBALANCE GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER ROLES GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GIRLS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME EFFECT INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTIC INFORMAL SECTORS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR COMPENSATION LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR INTENSITY LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR STATISTICS LABOR SUPPLY MACROECONOMICS MALE WORKERS MARGINAL PRODUCT MARGINAL PRODUCTS NOMINAL WAGES OCCUPATION OPPORTUNITY COST OPTIMIZATION PER CAPITA INCOME POLITICAL ECONOMY PREVIOUS SUBSECTION PRODUCTIVITY REAL GDP REAL INCOME REPUBLIC SOCIAL NORMS SPECIALIZATION STATUS OF WOMEN STD SUPPLY CURVE TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL WAGE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE-OFF UTILITY FUNCTION VALUE ADDED WAGE BILL WAGE GAP WAGE INCREASE WAGES WEALTH WORKER The authors analyze the interaction between a country's world market integration and its attitude towards gender roles. They discuss both theoretically and empirically how female empowerment is a source of comparative advantage that shapes a country's response to trade opening. Reciprocally, the authors show that as countries integrate into the world economy, the costs and benefits of gender discrimination shift. Their theory goes beyond a potential aggregate wealth effect associated with trade opening, and emphasizes the heterogeneity of impacts. On the one hand, countries in which women are empowered -- measured by fertility rates, female labor force participation or female schooling -- experience an expansion of industries that use female labor relatively more intensively. On the other hand, the gender gap is smaller in countries that export more in relatively female-labor intensive sectors. In an increasingly globalized economy, the road to gender equality is paradoxically very specific to each country s productive structure and exposure to world markets. 2012-03-19T18:04:18Z 2012-03-19T18:04:18Z 2011-08-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110823155547 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3540 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5777 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper The World Region The World Region
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
topic ACCOUNTING
AGGREGATE INCOME
AGGREGATE SUPPLY
AGRICULTURE
ALLOCATION
BARGAINING
BARGAINING POWER
BILATERAL TRADE
BIRTHS
BUSINESS CYCLE
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
COLLEGE EDUCATION
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
CONSUMERS
CONSUMPTION LEVELS
CROSS-SECTORAL VARIATION
DEMAND CURVE
DEMAND CURVES
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN
DIVISION OF LABOR
DOWNWARD PRESSURE
ECONOMIC FORCES
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC RESEARCH
ECONOMIC THEORY
ECONOMICS
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
ELASTICITY
ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
EQUILIBRIUM PRICES
EQUILIBRIUM WAGES
EXOGENOUS CHARACTERISTICS
EXPORTS
FACTOR MARKETS
FEMALE EMPLOYEES
FEMALE EMPLOYMENT
FEMALE INTENSITY
FEMALE LABOR
FEMALE LABOR FORCE
FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
FEMALE POPULATION
FEMALE WORKERS
FORMAL LABOR MARKET
FUNCTIONAL FORMS
GDP
GDP PER CAPITA
GENDER
GENDER COMPOSITION
GENDER DISCRIMINATION
GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR
GENDER EQUALITY
GENDER GAP
GENDER IMBALANCE
GENDER INEQUALITY
GENDER ROLES
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
GIRLS
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HUMAN CAPITAL
INCOME EFFECT
INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTIC
INFORMAL SECTORS
INTEREST RATES
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
LABOR COMPENSATION
LABOR DEMAND
LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
LABOR INTENSITY
LABOR MARKET
LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES
LABOR MARKETS
LABOR STATISTICS
LABOR SUPPLY
MACROECONOMICS
MALE WORKERS
MARGINAL PRODUCT
MARGINAL PRODUCTS
NOMINAL WAGES
OCCUPATION
OPPORTUNITY COST
OPTIMIZATION
PER CAPITA INCOME
POLITICAL ECONOMY
PREVIOUS SUBSECTION
PRODUCTIVITY
REAL GDP
REAL INCOME
REPUBLIC
SOCIAL NORMS
SPECIALIZATION
STATUS OF WOMEN
STD
SUPPLY CURVE
TOTAL EMPLOYMENT
TOTAL WAGE
TRADE LIBERALIZATION
TRADE-OFF
UTILITY FUNCTION
VALUE ADDED
WAGE BILL
WAGE GAP
WAGE INCREASE
WAGES
WEALTH
WORKER
spellingShingle ACCOUNTING
AGGREGATE INCOME
AGGREGATE SUPPLY
AGRICULTURE
ALLOCATION
BARGAINING
BARGAINING POWER
BILATERAL TRADE
BIRTHS
BUSINESS CYCLE
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
COLLEGE EDUCATION
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
CONSUMERS
CONSUMPTION LEVELS
CROSS-SECTORAL VARIATION
DEMAND CURVE
DEMAND CURVES
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN
DIVISION OF LABOR
DOWNWARD PRESSURE
ECONOMIC FORCES
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC RESEARCH
ECONOMIC THEORY
ECONOMICS
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
ELASTICITY
ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
EQUILIBRIUM PRICES
EQUILIBRIUM WAGES
EXOGENOUS CHARACTERISTICS
EXPORTS
FACTOR MARKETS
FEMALE EMPLOYEES
FEMALE EMPLOYMENT
FEMALE INTENSITY
FEMALE LABOR
FEMALE LABOR FORCE
FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
FEMALE POPULATION
FEMALE WORKERS
FORMAL LABOR MARKET
FUNCTIONAL FORMS
GDP
GDP PER CAPITA
GENDER
GENDER COMPOSITION
GENDER DISCRIMINATION
GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR
GENDER EQUALITY
GENDER GAP
GENDER IMBALANCE
GENDER INEQUALITY
GENDER ROLES
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
GIRLS
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HUMAN CAPITAL
INCOME EFFECT
INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTIC
INFORMAL SECTORS
INTEREST RATES
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
LABOR COMPENSATION
LABOR DEMAND
LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
LABOR INTENSITY
LABOR MARKET
LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES
LABOR MARKETS
LABOR STATISTICS
LABOR SUPPLY
MACROECONOMICS
MALE WORKERS
MARGINAL PRODUCT
MARGINAL PRODUCTS
NOMINAL WAGES
OCCUPATION
OPPORTUNITY COST
OPTIMIZATION
PER CAPITA INCOME
POLITICAL ECONOMY
PREVIOUS SUBSECTION
PRODUCTIVITY
REAL GDP
REAL INCOME
REPUBLIC
SOCIAL NORMS
SPECIALIZATION
STATUS OF WOMEN
STD
SUPPLY CURVE
TOTAL EMPLOYMENT
TOTAL WAGE
TRADE LIBERALIZATION
TRADE-OFF
UTILITY FUNCTION
VALUE ADDED
WAGE BILL
WAGE GAP
WAGE INCREASE
WAGES
WEALTH
WORKER
Do, Quy-Toan
Levchenko, Andrei A.
Raddatz, Claudio
Engendering trade
geographic_facet The World Region
The World Region
relation Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5777
description The authors analyze the interaction between a country's world market integration and its attitude towards gender roles. They discuss both theoretically and empirically how female empowerment is a source of comparative advantage that shapes a country's response to trade opening. Reciprocally, the authors show that as countries integrate into the world economy, the costs and benefits of gender discrimination shift. Their theory goes beyond a potential aggregate wealth effect associated with trade opening, and emphasizes the heterogeneity of impacts. On the one hand, countries in which women are empowered -- measured by fertility rates, female labor force participation or female schooling -- experience an expansion of industries that use female labor relatively more intensively. On the other hand, the gender gap is smaller in countries that export more in relatively female-labor intensive sectors. In an increasingly globalized economy, the road to gender equality is paradoxically very specific to each country s productive structure and exposure to world markets.
format Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author Do, Quy-Toan
Levchenko, Andrei A.
Raddatz, Claudio
author_facet Do, Quy-Toan
Levchenko, Andrei A.
Raddatz, Claudio
author_sort Do, Quy-Toan
title Engendering trade
title_short Engendering trade
title_full Engendering trade
title_fullStr Engendering trade
title_full_unstemmed Engendering trade
title_sort engendering trade
publishDate 2012
url http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110823155547
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3540
_version_ 1764387166607114240