Engendering trade
The authors analyze the interaction between a country's world market integration and its attitude towards gender roles. They discuss both theoretically and empirically how female empowerment is a source of comparative advantage that shapes a c...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2012
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110823155547 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3540 |
| id |
okr-10986-3540 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| spelling |
okr-10986-35402021-04-23T14:02:10Z Engendering trade Do, Quy-Toan Levchenko, Andrei A. Raddatz, Claudio ACCOUNTING AGGREGATE INCOME AGGREGATE SUPPLY AGRICULTURE ALLOCATION BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER BILATERAL TRADE BIRTHS BUSINESS CYCLE CAPITAL INVESTMENT COLLEGE EDUCATION COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION LEVELS CROSS-SECTORAL VARIATION DEMAND CURVE DEMAND CURVES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN DIVISION OF LABOR DOWNWARD PRESSURE ECONOMIC FORCES ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EQUILIBRIUM PRICES EQUILIBRIUM WAGES EXOGENOUS CHARACTERISTICS EXPORTS FACTOR MARKETS FEMALE EMPLOYEES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE INTENSITY FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE POPULATION FEMALE WORKERS FORMAL LABOR MARKET FUNCTIONAL FORMS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENDER GENDER COMPOSITION GENDER DISCRIMINATION GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER IMBALANCE GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER ROLES GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GIRLS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME EFFECT INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTIC INFORMAL SECTORS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR COMPENSATION LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR INTENSITY LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR STATISTICS LABOR SUPPLY MACROECONOMICS MALE WORKERS MARGINAL PRODUCT MARGINAL PRODUCTS NOMINAL WAGES OCCUPATION OPPORTUNITY COST OPTIMIZATION PER CAPITA INCOME POLITICAL ECONOMY PREVIOUS SUBSECTION PRODUCTIVITY REAL GDP REAL INCOME REPUBLIC SOCIAL NORMS SPECIALIZATION STATUS OF WOMEN STD SUPPLY CURVE TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL WAGE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE-OFF UTILITY FUNCTION VALUE ADDED WAGE BILL WAGE GAP WAGE INCREASE WAGES WEALTH WORKER The authors analyze the interaction between a country's world market integration and its attitude towards gender roles. They discuss both theoretically and empirically how female empowerment is a source of comparative advantage that shapes a country's response to trade opening. Reciprocally, the authors show that as countries integrate into the world economy, the costs and benefits of gender discrimination shift. Their theory goes beyond a potential aggregate wealth effect associated with trade opening, and emphasizes the heterogeneity of impacts. On the one hand, countries in which women are empowered -- measured by fertility rates, female labor force participation or female schooling -- experience an expansion of industries that use female labor relatively more intensively. On the other hand, the gender gap is smaller in countries that export more in relatively female-labor intensive sectors. In an increasingly globalized economy, the road to gender equality is paradoxically very specific to each country s productive structure and exposure to world markets. 2012-03-19T18:04:18Z 2012-03-19T18:04:18Z 2011-08-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110823155547 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3540 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5777 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper The World Region The World Region |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCOUNTING AGGREGATE INCOME AGGREGATE SUPPLY AGRICULTURE ALLOCATION BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER BILATERAL TRADE BIRTHS BUSINESS CYCLE CAPITAL INVESTMENT COLLEGE EDUCATION COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION LEVELS CROSS-SECTORAL VARIATION DEMAND CURVE DEMAND CURVES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN DIVISION OF LABOR DOWNWARD PRESSURE ECONOMIC FORCES ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EQUILIBRIUM PRICES EQUILIBRIUM WAGES EXOGENOUS CHARACTERISTICS EXPORTS FACTOR MARKETS FEMALE EMPLOYEES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE INTENSITY FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE POPULATION FEMALE WORKERS FORMAL LABOR MARKET FUNCTIONAL FORMS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENDER GENDER COMPOSITION GENDER DISCRIMINATION GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER IMBALANCE GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER ROLES GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GIRLS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME EFFECT INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTIC INFORMAL SECTORS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR COMPENSATION LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR INTENSITY LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR STATISTICS LABOR SUPPLY MACROECONOMICS MALE WORKERS MARGINAL PRODUCT MARGINAL PRODUCTS NOMINAL WAGES OCCUPATION OPPORTUNITY COST OPTIMIZATION PER CAPITA INCOME POLITICAL ECONOMY PREVIOUS SUBSECTION PRODUCTIVITY REAL GDP REAL INCOME REPUBLIC SOCIAL NORMS SPECIALIZATION STATUS OF WOMEN STD SUPPLY CURVE TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL WAGE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE-OFF UTILITY FUNCTION VALUE ADDED WAGE BILL WAGE GAP WAGE INCREASE WAGES WEALTH WORKER |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTING AGGREGATE INCOME AGGREGATE SUPPLY AGRICULTURE ALLOCATION BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER BILATERAL TRADE BIRTHS BUSINESS CYCLE CAPITAL INVESTMENT COLLEGE EDUCATION COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION LEVELS CROSS-SECTORAL VARIATION DEMAND CURVE DEMAND CURVES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN DIVISION OF LABOR DOWNWARD PRESSURE ECONOMIC FORCES ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EQUILIBRIUM PRICES EQUILIBRIUM WAGES EXOGENOUS CHARACTERISTICS EXPORTS FACTOR MARKETS FEMALE EMPLOYEES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE INTENSITY FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE POPULATION FEMALE WORKERS FORMAL LABOR MARKET FUNCTIONAL FORMS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENDER GENDER COMPOSITION GENDER DISCRIMINATION GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER IMBALANCE GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER ROLES GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GIRLS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME EFFECT INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTIC INFORMAL SECTORS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR COMPENSATION LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR INTENSITY LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR STATISTICS LABOR SUPPLY MACROECONOMICS MALE WORKERS MARGINAL PRODUCT MARGINAL PRODUCTS NOMINAL WAGES OCCUPATION OPPORTUNITY COST OPTIMIZATION PER CAPITA INCOME POLITICAL ECONOMY PREVIOUS SUBSECTION PRODUCTIVITY REAL GDP REAL INCOME REPUBLIC SOCIAL NORMS SPECIALIZATION STATUS OF WOMEN STD SUPPLY CURVE TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL WAGE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE-OFF UTILITY FUNCTION VALUE ADDED WAGE BILL WAGE GAP WAGE INCREASE WAGES WEALTH WORKER Do, Quy-Toan Levchenko, Andrei A. Raddatz, Claudio Engendering trade |
| geographic_facet |
The World Region The World Region |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5777 |
| description |
The authors analyze the interaction
between a country's world market integration and its
attitude towards gender roles. They discuss both
theoretically and empirically how female empowerment is a
source of comparative advantage that shapes a country's
response to trade opening. Reciprocally, the authors show
that as countries integrate into the world economy, the
costs and benefits of gender discrimination shift. Their
theory goes beyond a potential aggregate wealth effect
associated with trade opening, and emphasizes the
heterogeneity of impacts. On the one hand, countries in
which women are empowered -- measured by fertility rates,
female labor force participation or female schooling --
experience an expansion of industries that use female labor
relatively more intensively. On the other hand, the gender
gap is smaller in countries that export more in relatively
female-labor intensive sectors. In an increasingly
globalized economy, the road to gender equality is
paradoxically very specific to each country s productive
structure and exposure to world markets. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Do, Quy-Toan Levchenko, Andrei A. Raddatz, Claudio |
| author_facet |
Do, Quy-Toan Levchenko, Andrei A. Raddatz, Claudio |
| author_sort |
Do, Quy-Toan |
| title |
Engendering trade |
| title_short |
Engendering trade |
| title_full |
Engendering trade |
| title_fullStr |
Engendering trade |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Engendering trade |
| title_sort |
engendering trade |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110823155547 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3540 |
| _version_ |
1764387166607114240 |