Discriminatory Environment, Firms' Discriminatory Behavior, and Women's Employment in the Democratic Republic of Congo

This paper contributes to better understanding firms' discriminatory behavior in the presence of gender-based legal discrimination and its linkages with labor market outcomes for women in a developing country setting. Using data collected thro...

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Main Authors:	Hyland, Marie, Islam, Asif, Muzi, Silvia
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2020
Subjects:	GENDER LABOR LAW EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION GENDER BIAS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT ENTERPRISE SURVEY KINSHASA LABOR MARKET AFRICA GENDER POLICY
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/138561588101536919/Discriminatory-Environment-Firms-Discriminatory-Behavior-and-Womens-Employment-in-the-Democratic-Republic-of-Congo http://hdl.handle.net/10986/33668

id	okr-10986-33668
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-336682022-09-20T00:12:07Z Discriminatory Environment, Firms' Discriminatory Behavior, and Women's Employment in the Democratic Republic of Congo Hyland, Marie Islam, Asif Muzi, Silvia GENDER LABOR LAW EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION GENDER BIAS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT ENTERPRISE SURVEY KINSHASA LABOR MARKET AFRICA GENDER POLICY This paper contributes to better understanding firms' discriminatory behavior in the presence of gender-based legal discrimination and its linkages with labor market outcomes for women in a developing country setting. Using data collected through the World Bank Enterprise Surveys in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the paper documents the existence of nonnegligible employer discrimination and limitations in women's autonomy in the presence of a discriminatory environment. Interestingly, these are more pervasive outside the capital city, Kinshasa, which suggests that cultural norms or differences in regulation enforcement may be at play. The paper also finds that firms' discriminatory behavior harms women's labor market outcomes, in their representation among the upper echelons of management and participation in the overall workforce. The negative relationship between restrictions from discriminatory behaviors and female employment is particularly strong in the manufacturing sector. 2020-04-30T16:30:06Z 2020-04-30T16:30:06Z 2020-04 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/138561588101536919/Discriminatory-Environment-Firms-Discriminatory-Behavior-and-Womens-Employment-in-the-Democratic-Republic-of-Congo http://hdl.handle.net/10986/33668 English Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9224 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Africa Congo, Democratic Republic of
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	GENDER LABOR LAW EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION GENDER BIAS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT ENTERPRISE SURVEY KINSHASA LABOR MARKET AFRICA GENDER POLICY
spellingShingle	GENDER LABOR LAW EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION GENDER BIAS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT ENTERPRISE SURVEY KINSHASA LABOR MARKET AFRICA GENDER POLICY Hyland, Marie Islam, Asif Muzi, Silvia Discriminatory Environment, Firms' Discriminatory Behavior, and Women's Employment in the Democratic Republic of Congo
geographic_facet	Africa Congo, Democratic Republic of
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9224
description	This paper contributes to better understanding firms' discriminatory behavior in the presence of gender-based legal discrimination and its linkages with labor market outcomes for women in a developing country setting. Using data collected through the World Bank Enterprise Surveys in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the paper documents the existence of nonnegligible employer discrimination and limitations in women's autonomy in the presence of a discriminatory environment. Interestingly, these are more pervasive outside the capital city, Kinshasa, which suggests that cultural norms or differences in regulation enforcement may be at play. The paper also finds that firms' discriminatory behavior harms women's labor market outcomes, in their representation among the upper echelons of management and participation in the overall workforce. The negative relationship between restrictions from discriminatory behaviors and female employment is particularly strong in the manufacturing sector.
format	Working Paper
author	Hyland, Marie Islam, Asif Muzi, Silvia
author_facet	Hyland, Marie Islam, Asif Muzi, Silvia
author_sort	Hyland, Marie
title	Discriminatory Environment, Firms' Discriminatory Behavior, and Women's Employment in the Democratic Republic of Congo
title_short	Discriminatory Environment, Firms' Discriminatory Behavior, and Women's Employment in the Democratic Republic of Congo
title_full	Discriminatory Environment, Firms' Discriminatory Behavior, and Women's Employment in the Democratic Republic of Congo
title_fullStr	Discriminatory Environment, Firms' Discriminatory Behavior, and Women's Employment in the Democratic Republic of Congo
title_full_unstemmed	Discriminatory Environment, Firms' Discriminatory Behavior, and Women's Employment in the Democratic Republic of Congo
title_sort	discriminatory environment, firms' discriminatory behavior, and women's employment in the democratic republic of congo
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2020
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/138561588101536919/Discriminatory-Environment-Firms-Discriminatory-Behavior-and-Womens-Employment-in-the-Democratic-Republic-of-Congo http://hdl.handle.net/10986/33668
_version_	1764479278312849408

Discriminatory Environment, Firms' Discriminatory Behavior, and Women's Employment in the Democratic Republic of Congo

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