Merit, Discrimination, and Democratization : An Analysis of Promotion Patterns in Indonesia's Civil Service

What effect does democratization have on meritocratic practices in the civil service? Democratization increases performance incentives within the bureaucracy. This leads to more meritocracy for individuals with performance-enhancing characteristics...

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Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2019
Subjects:	DEMOCRATIZATION CIVIL SERVICE REFORM DISCRIMINATION MANDATORY RETIREMENT AGE GENDER BIAS PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM CAREER ADVANCEMENT FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION GOVERNMENT SERVICE
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/553841563200368439/Merit-discrimination-and-democratization-an-analysis-of-promotion-patterns-in-Indonesias-civil-service http://hdl.handle.net/10986/32201

id	okr-10986-32201
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-322012021-05-25T09:26:35Z Merit, Discrimination, and Democratization : An Analysis of Promotion Patterns in Indonesia's Civil Service World Bank DEMOCRATIZATION CIVIL SERVICE REFORM DISCRIMINATION MANDATORY RETIREMENT AGE GENDER BIAS PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM CAREER ADVANCEMENT FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION GOVERNMENT SERVICE What effect does democratization have on meritocratic practices in the civil service? Democratization increases performance incentives within the bureaucracy. This leads to more meritocracy for individuals with performance-enhancing characteristics, such as educational attainment, which cross-cut political cleavages. When politicized cleavages align with civil servants' performance-enhancing characteristics, democratization increases discrimination. The author test this argument using administrative data from Indonesia that covers the full universe of career histories of all 4 plus million currently active civil servants. The author exploits the exogenous timing of Indonesia's democratization in 1999, paired with an individual-level panel data design, for identification purposes. The author finds strong evidence that democratization amplified the positive effects of educational attainment on career advancement but simultaneously worsened the career prospects of female and religious minority civil servants. We replicate these patterns for the staggered introduction of direct elections at the district government level. The gender and religious minority penalties are strongest for promotions at the lowest levels of the administrative hierarchy and for employees of departments under the leadership of conservative Muslim parties. Increased female leadership in the bureaucracy does not alleviate these penalties. 2019-08-07T15:35:28Z 2019-08-07T15:35:28Z 2018-05-21 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/553841563200368439/Merit-discrimination-and-democratization-an-analysis-of-promotion-patterns-in-Indonesias-civil-service http://hdl.handle.net/10986/32201 English CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research East Asia and Pacific Indonesia
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	DEMOCRATIZATION CIVIL SERVICE REFORM DISCRIMINATION MANDATORY RETIREMENT AGE GENDER BIAS PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM CAREER ADVANCEMENT FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION GOVERNMENT SERVICE
spellingShingle	DEMOCRATIZATION CIVIL SERVICE REFORM DISCRIMINATION MANDATORY RETIREMENT AGE GENDER BIAS PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM CAREER ADVANCEMENT FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION GOVERNMENT SERVICE World Bank Merit, Discrimination, and Democratization : An Analysis of Promotion Patterns in Indonesia's Civil Service
geographic_facet	East Asia and Pacific Indonesia
description	What effect does democratization have on meritocratic practices in the civil service? Democratization increases performance incentives within the bureaucracy. This leads to more meritocracy for individuals with performance-enhancing characteristics, such as educational attainment, which cross-cut political cleavages. When politicized cleavages align with civil servants' performance-enhancing characteristics, democratization increases discrimination. The author test this argument using administrative data from Indonesia that covers the full universe of career histories of all 4 plus million currently active civil servants. The author exploits the exogenous timing of Indonesia's democratization in 1999, paired with an individual-level panel data design, for identification purposes. The author finds strong evidence that democratization amplified the positive effects of educational attainment on career advancement but simultaneously worsened the career prospects of female and religious minority civil servants. We replicate these patterns for the staggered introduction of direct elections at the district government level. The gender and religious minority penalties are strongest for promotions at the lowest levels of the administrative hierarchy and for employees of departments under the leadership of conservative Muslim parties. Increased female leadership in the bureaucracy does not alleviate these penalties.
format	Working Paper
author	World Bank
author_facet	World Bank
author_sort	World Bank
title	Merit, Discrimination, and Democratization : An Analysis of Promotion Patterns in Indonesia's Civil Service
title_short	Merit, Discrimination, and Democratization : An Analysis of Promotion Patterns in Indonesia's Civil Service
title_full	Merit, Discrimination, and Democratization : An Analysis of Promotion Patterns in Indonesia's Civil Service
title_fullStr	Merit, Discrimination, and Democratization : An Analysis of Promotion Patterns in Indonesia's Civil Service
title_full_unstemmed	Merit, Discrimination, and Democratization : An Analysis of Promotion Patterns in Indonesia's Civil Service
title_sort	merit, discrimination, and democratization : an analysis of promotion patterns in indonesia's civil service
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2019
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/553841563200368439/Merit-discrimination-and-democratization-an-analysis-of-promotion-patterns-in-Indonesias-civil-service http://hdl.handle.net/10986/32201
_version_	1764476010094395392

Merit, Discrimination, and Democratization : An Analysis of Promotion Patterns in Indonesia's Civil Service

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