Public Employment and Governance in Middle East and North Africa
Government wage bills have been growing across the world, but are exceptionally high in the MENA region relative to countries’ state of development, whether measured as a share of GDP, or of government revenue and spending (World Bank, 2004). Acros...
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| Format: | Report |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2016
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2016/05/26420285/public-employment-governance-middle-east-north-africa http://hdl.handle.net/10986/25181 |
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okr-10986-25181 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
PUBLIC OFFICIALS JOBS EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR WAGE ECONOMIC GROWTH RETIREMENT INFORMAL SECTOR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL DEFICITS INCOME PUBLIC SECTOR JOB TOP MANAGEMENT PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNMENT SPENDING SPENDING LABOR FORCE SERVICES PRIVATE SECTOR JOB PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SERVICES REVENUES JOB EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS SERVANTS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION REAL WAGES TEMPORARY WORKERS INFLATION EARLY RETIREMENT PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PUBLIC SECTOR WAGE BILLS PUBLIC HEALTH YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE DRIVERS JOB SEEKERS POVERTY REDUCTION SERVICE EMPLOYMENT HUMAN RESOURCE PUBLIC POLICY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY WAGE BILL ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM PUBLIC SECTORS EMPLOYMENT POLICIES REGULAR JOBS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES UNEMPLOYED PUBLIC WAGE DEBT OPERATING EXPENSES LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEFICITS LABOR TOTAL EMPLOYMENT FINANCE PUBLIC PUBLIC INVESTMENT FEMALE LABOR FIRST- TIME JOB SEEKERS UNEMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SERVANTS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC SECTOR WAGE BILL WORKERS TRANSPARENCY UNEMPLOYMENT RATE PROVISIONS PUBLIC PAY PARTICIPATION HIGH EMPLOYMENT BUDGETS GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES WAGE PREMIUM OCCUPATION PUBLIC SERVICE EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM JOB CREATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR PAY REGULATION PUBLIC DEBT SECRETARIES SKILLED LABOR MANAGEMENT ROADS GOVERNANCE PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC RESOURCES LICENSES DISMISSAL REFORM PROGRAMS PUBLIC SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY WORKING CONDITIONS WORKFORCE PLANNING HUMAN RESOURCES PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE PUBLIC CONSULTATION CREATING JOBS MINISTRIES OF FINANCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE LABORERS PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION EMPLOYEE FISCAL BALANCE WAGE NEGOTIATIONS REVENUE PUBLIC SERVICE REFORM BORROWING JOB SECURITY PUBLIC SERVICE MANAGEMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT LABOR MARKETS PUBLIC EMPLOYEES PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT GOVERNMENTS PUBLIC SERVICE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT POLITICAL LEADERS ABSENTEEISM EMPLOYEES |
| spellingShingle |
PUBLIC OFFICIALS JOBS EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR WAGE ECONOMIC GROWTH RETIREMENT INFORMAL SECTOR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL DEFICITS INCOME PUBLIC SECTOR JOB TOP MANAGEMENT PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNMENT SPENDING SPENDING LABOR FORCE SERVICES PRIVATE SECTOR JOB PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SERVICES REVENUES JOB EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS SERVANTS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION REAL WAGES TEMPORARY WORKERS INFLATION EARLY RETIREMENT PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PUBLIC SECTOR WAGE BILLS PUBLIC HEALTH YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE DRIVERS JOB SEEKERS POVERTY REDUCTION SERVICE EMPLOYMENT HUMAN RESOURCE PUBLIC POLICY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY WAGE BILL ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM PUBLIC SECTORS EMPLOYMENT POLICIES REGULAR JOBS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES UNEMPLOYED PUBLIC WAGE DEBT OPERATING EXPENSES LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEFICITS LABOR TOTAL EMPLOYMENT FINANCE PUBLIC PUBLIC INVESTMENT FEMALE LABOR FIRST- TIME JOB SEEKERS UNEMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SERVANTS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC SECTOR WAGE BILL WORKERS TRANSPARENCY UNEMPLOYMENT RATE PROVISIONS PUBLIC PAY PARTICIPATION HIGH EMPLOYMENT BUDGETS GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES WAGE PREMIUM OCCUPATION PUBLIC SERVICE EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM JOB CREATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR PAY REGULATION PUBLIC DEBT SECRETARIES SKILLED LABOR MANAGEMENT ROADS GOVERNANCE PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC RESOURCES LICENSES DISMISSAL REFORM PROGRAMS PUBLIC SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY WORKING CONDITIONS WORKFORCE PLANNING HUMAN RESOURCES PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE PUBLIC CONSULTATION CREATING JOBS MINISTRIES OF FINANCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE LABORERS PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION EMPLOYEE FISCAL BALANCE WAGE NEGOTIATIONS REVENUE PUBLIC SERVICE REFORM BORROWING JOB SECURITY PUBLIC SERVICE MANAGEMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT LABOR MARKETS PUBLIC EMPLOYEES PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT GOVERNMENTS PUBLIC SERVICE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT POLITICAL LEADERS ABSENTEEISM EMPLOYEES World Bank Public Employment and Governance in Middle East and North Africa |
| geographic_facet |
Middle East and North Africa Middle East North Africa |
| description |
Government wage bills have been growing
across the world, but are exceptionally high in the MENA
region relative to countries’ state of development, whether
measured as a share of GDP, or of government revenue and
spending (World Bank, 2004). Across the region government
wage bills threaten fiscal sustainability. There are many
drivers behind the large wage bills, whether of central
government alone or of general government. Government
employment numbers also seem to grow inexorably, in many
areas faster than required to deliver services in line with
population growth. Other factors have been weak staff
control systems, the authorization of new recruitment
outside budget frameworks, and laxly applied staff
performance assessment systems, in addition to absenteeism,
and the difficulty under public service rules of
disciplining and ultimately terminating poorly performing
staff. This paper takes a look at government wage bill
growth, alongside current approaches to recruitment, staff
performance assessments and promotions, with particular
emphasis on Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. These country
examples are complemented by a broader regional analysis to
illustrate overarching trends in public sector
employment.The objective is to identify the various forces
at work, how they interact, and thereby document and
understand better the dynamic of public sector wage bill
expansion in the Middle East as well as potential linkages
to public sector performance. The paper also looks at
reform efforts, extracts lessons and identify potential
reform options to better control wage bill growth and the
unbalancing effects it has had on the efficiency and
effectiveness of government spending generally. Furthermore,
while the paper does not present a comprehensive overview of
the nature of public employment in MENA, it aims to identify
potential areas for further research in this domain. |
| format |
Report |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Public Employment and Governance in Middle East and North Africa |
| title_short |
Public Employment and Governance in Middle East and North Africa |
| title_full |
Public Employment and Governance in Middle East and North Africa |
| title_fullStr |
Public Employment and Governance in Middle East and North Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Public Employment and Governance in Middle East and North Africa |
| title_sort |
public employment and governance in middle east and north africa |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2016/05/26420285/public-employment-governance-middle-east-north-africa http://hdl.handle.net/10986/25181 |
| _version_ |
1764458377888399360 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-251812021-05-25T08:51:37Z Public Employment and Governance in Middle East and North Africa World Bank PUBLIC OFFICIALS JOBS EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR WAGE ECONOMIC GROWTH RETIREMENT INFORMAL SECTOR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL DEFICITS INCOME PUBLIC SECTOR JOB TOP MANAGEMENT PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNMENT SPENDING SPENDING LABOR FORCE SERVICES PRIVATE SECTOR JOB PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SERVICES REVENUES JOB EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS SERVANTS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION REAL WAGES TEMPORARY WORKERS INFLATION EARLY RETIREMENT PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PUBLIC SECTOR WAGE BILLS PUBLIC HEALTH YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE DRIVERS JOB SEEKERS POVERTY REDUCTION SERVICE EMPLOYMENT HUMAN RESOURCE PUBLIC POLICY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY WAGE BILL ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM PUBLIC SECTORS EMPLOYMENT POLICIES REGULAR JOBS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES UNEMPLOYED PUBLIC WAGE DEBT OPERATING EXPENSES LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEFICITS LABOR TOTAL EMPLOYMENT FINANCE PUBLIC PUBLIC INVESTMENT FEMALE LABOR FIRST- TIME JOB SEEKERS UNEMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SERVANTS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC SECTOR WAGE BILL WORKERS TRANSPARENCY UNEMPLOYMENT RATE PROVISIONS PUBLIC PAY PARTICIPATION HIGH EMPLOYMENT BUDGETS GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES WAGE PREMIUM OCCUPATION PUBLIC SERVICE EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM JOB CREATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR PAY REGULATION PUBLIC DEBT SECRETARIES SKILLED LABOR MANAGEMENT ROADS GOVERNANCE PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC RESOURCES LICENSES DISMISSAL REFORM PROGRAMS PUBLIC SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY WORKING CONDITIONS WORKFORCE PLANNING HUMAN RESOURCES PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE PUBLIC CONSULTATION CREATING JOBS MINISTRIES OF FINANCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE LABORERS PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION EMPLOYEE FISCAL BALANCE WAGE NEGOTIATIONS REVENUE PUBLIC SERVICE REFORM BORROWING JOB SECURITY PUBLIC SERVICE MANAGEMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT LABOR MARKETS PUBLIC EMPLOYEES PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT GOVERNMENTS PUBLIC SERVICE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT POLITICAL LEADERS ABSENTEEISM EMPLOYEES Government wage bills have been growing across the world, but are exceptionally high in the MENA region relative to countries’ state of development, whether measured as a share of GDP, or of government revenue and spending (World Bank, 2004). Across the region government wage bills threaten fiscal sustainability. There are many drivers behind the large wage bills, whether of central government alone or of general government. Government employment numbers also seem to grow inexorably, in many areas faster than required to deliver services in line with population growth. Other factors have been weak staff control systems, the authorization of new recruitment outside budget frameworks, and laxly applied staff performance assessment systems, in addition to absenteeism, and the difficulty under public service rules of disciplining and ultimately terminating poorly performing staff. This paper takes a look at government wage bill growth, alongside current approaches to recruitment, staff performance assessments and promotions, with particular emphasis on Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. These country examples are complemented by a broader regional analysis to illustrate overarching trends in public sector employment.The objective is to identify the various forces at work, how they interact, and thereby document and understand better the dynamic of public sector wage bill expansion in the Middle East as well as potential linkages to public sector performance. The paper also looks at reform efforts, extracts lessons and identify potential reform options to better control wage bill growth and the unbalancing effects it has had on the efficiency and effectiveness of government spending generally. Furthermore, while the paper does not present a comprehensive overview of the nature of public employment in MENA, it aims to identify potential areas for further research in this domain. 2016-10-18T15:16:11Z 2016-10-18T15:16:11Z 2016-05 Report http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2016/05/26420285/public-employment-governance-middle-east-north-africa http://hdl.handle.net/10986/25181 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Public Expenditure Review Economic & Sector Work Middle East and North Africa Middle East North Africa |