Responses to Weather and Climate : A Cross-Section Analysis of Rural Incomes

How much do poor rural households rely on environmental extraction from natural ecosystems? And how does climate variability impact their livelihoods? This paper sheds light on these two questions with household income data from the Poverty and Env...

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Main Authors:	Noack, Frederik, Wunder, Sven, Angelsen, Arild, Börner, Jan
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	CALCIUM POPULATION DENSITIES FOREST DEGRADATION FISH DURABLE GOODS TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION VARIABLE COSTS AMAZON FOREST FOREST MANAGEMENT REDUCING EMISSIONS CARBON PLANT GROWTH FOREST CONSERVATION CLIMATE EFFECTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EXPECTATIONS STORMS PAINTS HYDROLOGY WIND TIMBER CLIMATES WOOD PRODUCTS EMISSIONS ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS POLITICAL ECONOMY FOREST PLANTATIONS FOREST AREAS DIMINISHING RETURNS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES EQUILIBRIUM NUTRIENTS MODELS INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH HUMIDITY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT CARBON CYCLE PH HURRICANES RESOURCE USE TERRESTRIAL CARBON CYCLE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ANNUAL PRECIPITATION EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BIOMASS CO2 FOREST PRODUCTS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS LABOR COSTS TROPICS FOREST-COVER FOREST EXTRACTION FOREST PRODUCTIVITY FLOODS CAPACITY OPTIONS GLOBAL WARMING LABOR PRODUCTIVITY EXTERNALITIES DRY FOREST RAINFALL POLLUTION FORESTRY TROPICAL FORESTS CARBON SINK FOREST RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS NATURAL RESOURCES PRECIPITATION CLIMATE SENSITIVITY CERTAIN EXTENT FISHING LAND USE PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES CAPITAL CONSTRAINTS ENTITLEMENTS RESOURCES EQUITY ECOSYSTEM LEAD CLIMATE RESEARCH UNIT WAGES CLIMATE CHANGE IPCC DROUGHT FOREST COVER VALUES ELECTRICITY ELASTICITIES CREDIT TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES DEFORESTATION CLIMATE FORESTS SUSTAINABLE USE CANOPY COVER TROPICAL DEFORESTATION ENVIRONMENTS SINK FOREST FOREST USE OPPORTUNITY COSTS AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS ENVIRONMENT FERTILIZATION SUSTAINABLE FOREST CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK CARBON LOSSES WEATHER PATTERNS STREAMS ECONOMICS TRADE LAKES LAND ECONOMIES OF SCALE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION CARBON SINKS FOREST EDGE TERRESTRIAL CARBON WEATHER CONDITIONS CALCIUM CARBONATE TERRESTRIAL CARBON SINK RAIN CRU GLOBAL PRECIPITATION NATURAL FORESTS ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS PROFITS PRODUCTION PATTERNS ENVIRONMENTAL CLIMATOLOGY CLIMATIC VARIABILITY PRICES FOREST EDGES NEGATIVE IMPACTS FOREST PRODUCTION ECONOMIES LAND ECONOMICS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/11/25250694/responses-weather-climate-cross-section-analysis-rural-incomes http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23439

id	okr-10986-23439
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-234392021-04-23T14:04:15Z Responses to Weather and Climate : A Cross-Section Analysis of Rural Incomes Noack, Frederik Wunder, Sven Angelsen, Arild Börner, Jan CALCIUM POPULATION DENSITIES FOREST DEGRADATION FISH DURABLE GOODS TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION VARIABLE COSTS AMAZON FOREST FOREST MANAGEMENT REDUCING EMISSIONS CARBON PLANT GROWTH FOREST CONSERVATION CLIMATE EFFECTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EXPECTATIONS STORMS PAINTS HYDROLOGY WIND TIMBER CLIMATES WOOD PRODUCTS EMISSIONS ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS POLITICAL ECONOMY FOREST PLANTATIONS FOREST AREAS DIMINISHING RETURNS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES EQUILIBRIUM NUTRIENTS MODELS INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH HUMIDITY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT CARBON CYCLE PH HURRICANES RESOURCE USE TERRESTRIAL CARBON CYCLE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ANNUAL PRECIPITATION EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BIOMASS CO2 FOREST PRODUCTS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS LABOR COSTS TROPICS FOREST-COVER FOREST EXTRACTION FOREST PRODUCTIVITY FLOODS CAPACITY OPTIONS GLOBAL WARMING LABOR PRODUCTIVITY EXTERNALITIES DRY FOREST RAINFALL POLLUTION FORESTRY TROPICAL FORESTS CARBON SINK FOREST RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS NATURAL RESOURCES PRECIPITATION CLIMATE SENSITIVITY CERTAIN EXTENT FISHING LAND USE PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES CAPITAL CONSTRAINTS ENTITLEMENTS RESOURCES EQUITY ECOSYSTEM LEAD CLIMATE RESEARCH UNIT WAGES CLIMATE CHANGE IPCC DROUGHT FOREST COVER VALUES ELECTRICITY ELASTICITIES CREDIT TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES DEFORESTATION CLIMATE FORESTS SUSTAINABLE USE CANOPY COVER TROPICAL DEFORESTATION ENVIRONMENTS SINK FOREST FOREST USE OPPORTUNITY COSTS AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS ENVIRONMENT FERTILIZATION SUSTAINABLE FOREST CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK CARBON LOSSES WEATHER PATTERNS STREAMS ECONOMICS TRADE LAKES LAND ECONOMIES OF SCALE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION CARBON SINKS FOREST EDGE TERRESTRIAL CARBON WEATHER CONDITIONS CALCIUM CARBONATE TERRESTRIAL CARBON SINK RAIN CRU GLOBAL PRECIPITATION NATURAL FORESTS ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS PROFITS PRODUCTION PATTERNS ENVIRONMENTAL CLIMATOLOGY CLIMATIC VARIABILITY PRICES FOREST EDGES NEGATIVE IMPACTS FOREST PRODUCTION ECONOMIES LAND ECONOMICS How much do poor rural households rely on environmental extraction from natural ecosystems? And how does climate variability impact their livelihoods? This paper sheds light on these two questions with household income data from the Poverty and Environment Network pantropical data set, combined with climate data for the past three decades. The study finds that extraction of wild resources (from natural forests, bushlands, fallows, etc.) provides on average as much income (about 27 percent) as crops across the smallholder sample. The cross-section data on past reactions to household self-perceived economic shocks and observed production reactions to climate anomalies can, respectively, provide hints about livelihood vulnerability to current climate variability, which is likely to worsen with climate change. Forest extraction did not figure among the most favored response strategies to households’ self-perceived economic shocks, but households undertake subtle substitutions in sector production in response to weather anomalies that accentuate suboptimal climatic conditions for cropping. By relying more on forest extraction and wages, households compensate quite successfully for declining crop incomes. This paints a cautiously optimistic picture about fairly flexible rural livelihood reactions to current climate variability, and featuring forests as potentially important in household coping strategies. 2015-12-18T19:18:26Z 2015-12-18T19:18:26Z 2015-11 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/11/25250694/responses-weather-climate-cross-section-analysis-rural-incomes http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23439 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7478 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	CALCIUM POPULATION DENSITIES FOREST DEGRADATION FISH DURABLE GOODS TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION VARIABLE COSTS AMAZON FOREST FOREST MANAGEMENT REDUCING EMISSIONS CARBON PLANT GROWTH FOREST CONSERVATION CLIMATE EFFECTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EXPECTATIONS STORMS PAINTS HYDROLOGY WIND TIMBER CLIMATES WOOD PRODUCTS EMISSIONS ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS POLITICAL ECONOMY FOREST PLANTATIONS FOREST AREAS DIMINISHING RETURNS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES EQUILIBRIUM NUTRIENTS MODELS INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH HUMIDITY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT CARBON CYCLE PH HURRICANES RESOURCE USE TERRESTRIAL CARBON CYCLE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ANNUAL PRECIPITATION EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BIOMASS CO2 FOREST PRODUCTS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS LABOR COSTS TROPICS FOREST-COVER FOREST EXTRACTION FOREST PRODUCTIVITY FLOODS CAPACITY OPTIONS GLOBAL WARMING LABOR PRODUCTIVITY EXTERNALITIES DRY FOREST RAINFALL POLLUTION FORESTRY TROPICAL FORESTS CARBON SINK FOREST RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS NATURAL RESOURCES PRECIPITATION CLIMATE SENSITIVITY CERTAIN EXTENT FISHING LAND USE PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES CAPITAL CONSTRAINTS ENTITLEMENTS RESOURCES EQUITY ECOSYSTEM LEAD CLIMATE RESEARCH UNIT WAGES CLIMATE CHANGE IPCC DROUGHT FOREST COVER VALUES ELECTRICITY ELASTICITIES CREDIT TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES DEFORESTATION CLIMATE FORESTS SUSTAINABLE USE CANOPY COVER TROPICAL DEFORESTATION ENVIRONMENTS SINK FOREST FOREST USE OPPORTUNITY COSTS AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS ENVIRONMENT FERTILIZATION SUSTAINABLE FOREST CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK CARBON LOSSES WEATHER PATTERNS STREAMS ECONOMICS TRADE LAKES LAND ECONOMIES OF SCALE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION CARBON SINKS FOREST EDGE TERRESTRIAL CARBON WEATHER CONDITIONS CALCIUM CARBONATE TERRESTRIAL CARBON SINK RAIN CRU GLOBAL PRECIPITATION NATURAL FORESTS ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS PROFITS PRODUCTION PATTERNS ENVIRONMENTAL CLIMATOLOGY CLIMATIC VARIABILITY PRICES FOREST EDGES NEGATIVE IMPACTS FOREST PRODUCTION ECONOMIES LAND ECONOMICS
spellingShingle	CALCIUM POPULATION DENSITIES FOREST DEGRADATION FISH DURABLE GOODS TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION VARIABLE COSTS AMAZON FOREST FOREST MANAGEMENT REDUCING EMISSIONS CARBON PLANT GROWTH FOREST CONSERVATION CLIMATE EFFECTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EXPECTATIONS STORMS PAINTS HYDROLOGY WIND TIMBER CLIMATES WOOD PRODUCTS EMISSIONS ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS POLITICAL ECONOMY FOREST PLANTATIONS FOREST AREAS DIMINISHING RETURNS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES EQUILIBRIUM NUTRIENTS MODELS INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH HUMIDITY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT CARBON CYCLE PH HURRICANES RESOURCE USE TERRESTRIAL CARBON CYCLE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ANNUAL PRECIPITATION EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BIOMASS CO2 FOREST PRODUCTS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS LABOR COSTS TROPICS FOREST-COVER FOREST EXTRACTION FOREST PRODUCTIVITY FLOODS CAPACITY OPTIONS GLOBAL WARMING LABOR PRODUCTIVITY EXTERNALITIES DRY FOREST RAINFALL POLLUTION FORESTRY TROPICAL FORESTS CARBON SINK FOREST RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS NATURAL RESOURCES PRECIPITATION CLIMATE SENSITIVITY CERTAIN EXTENT FISHING LAND USE PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES CAPITAL CONSTRAINTS ENTITLEMENTS RESOURCES EQUITY ECOSYSTEM LEAD CLIMATE RESEARCH UNIT WAGES CLIMATE CHANGE IPCC DROUGHT FOREST COVER VALUES ELECTRICITY ELASTICITIES CREDIT TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES DEFORESTATION CLIMATE FORESTS SUSTAINABLE USE CANOPY COVER TROPICAL DEFORESTATION ENVIRONMENTS SINK FOREST FOREST USE OPPORTUNITY COSTS AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS ENVIRONMENT FERTILIZATION SUSTAINABLE FOREST CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK CARBON LOSSES WEATHER PATTERNS STREAMS ECONOMICS TRADE LAKES LAND ECONOMIES OF SCALE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION CARBON SINKS FOREST EDGE TERRESTRIAL CARBON WEATHER CONDITIONS CALCIUM CARBONATE TERRESTRIAL CARBON SINK RAIN CRU GLOBAL PRECIPITATION NATURAL FORESTS ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS PROFITS PRODUCTION PATTERNS ENVIRONMENTAL CLIMATOLOGY CLIMATIC VARIABILITY PRICES FOREST EDGES NEGATIVE IMPACTS FOREST PRODUCTION ECONOMIES LAND ECONOMICS Noack, Frederik Wunder, Sven Angelsen, Arild Börner, Jan Responses to Weather and Climate : A Cross-Section Analysis of Rural Incomes
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7478
description	How much do poor rural households rely on environmental extraction from natural ecosystems? And how does climate variability impact their livelihoods? This paper sheds light on these two questions with household income data from the Poverty and Environment Network pantropical data set, combined with climate data for the past three decades. The study finds that extraction of wild resources (from natural forests, bushlands, fallows, etc.) provides on average as much income (about 27 percent) as crops across the smallholder sample. The cross-section data on past reactions to household self-perceived economic shocks and observed production reactions to climate anomalies can, respectively, provide hints about livelihood vulnerability to current climate variability, which is likely to worsen with climate change. Forest extraction did not figure among the most favored response strategies to households’ self-perceived economic shocks, but households undertake subtle substitutions in sector production in response to weather anomalies that accentuate suboptimal climatic conditions for cropping. By relying more on forest extraction and wages, households compensate quite successfully for declining crop incomes. This paints a cautiously optimistic picture about fairly flexible rural livelihood reactions to current climate variability, and featuring forests as potentially important in household coping strategies.
format	Working Paper
author	Noack, Frederik Wunder, Sven Angelsen, Arild Börner, Jan
author_facet	Noack, Frederik Wunder, Sven Angelsen, Arild Börner, Jan
author_sort	Noack, Frederik
title	Responses to Weather and Climate : A Cross-Section Analysis of Rural Incomes
title_short	Responses to Weather and Climate : A Cross-Section Analysis of Rural Incomes
title_full	Responses to Weather and Climate : A Cross-Section Analysis of Rural Incomes
title_fullStr	Responses to Weather and Climate : A Cross-Section Analysis of Rural Incomes
title_full_unstemmed	Responses to Weather and Climate : A Cross-Section Analysis of Rural Incomes
title_sort	responses to weather and climate : a cross-section analysis of rural incomes
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2015
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/11/25250694/responses-weather-climate-cross-section-analysis-rural-incomes http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23439
_version_	1764453849407422464

Responses to Weather and Climate : A Cross-Section Analysis of Rural Incomes

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