Understanding Out-of-Work and Out-of-School Youth in Europe and Central Asia

The objectives of this study are to describe and analyze the out-of-work and out-of-school youth (ages 15-24) in the Europe and Central Asia2 (ECA) region. People who are out-of-work and out-of-school are referred to as NEET (Not in Employment, Edu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mauro, Joseph Anthony, Mitra, Sophie
Format: Report
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:
JOB
AGE
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/08/24928250/understanding-out-of-work-out-of-school-youth-europe-central-asia
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22806
id okr-10986-22806
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
en_US
topic LABOR MARKET PARTICIPANTS
JOBS
EMPLOYMENT
IMMIGRANT
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
EMPLOYMENT RATE
LABOR MARKET POLICY
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
UNEMPLOYED ADULTS
LABOUR OFFICE
WORKING-AGE POPULATION
OLD AGE
DROPOUTS
YOUTH EMPLOYMENT
MINIMUM WAGE
AGED WORKERS
PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT
UNEMPLOYED WORKER
AGE GROUP
LEVELS OF EDUCATION
TOTAL LABOR FORCE
LABOR FORCE
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
TEEN
IMMIGRANTS
LABOUR MARKET PERFORMANCE
JOB
UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS
EMPLOYMENT RATES
TRAINING PROGRAMS
LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
EDUCATED MEN
LABOR MARKET POLICIES
NUMBER OF PEOPLE
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES
EMPLOYMENT TRENDS
ACTIVE LABOR
YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
JOB SEEKERS
WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAM
WORK EXPERIENCE
KNOWLEDGE
PRIMARY REASON
LABOR MARKET
HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES
GENDER GAP
LABOR COSTS
TRAINING
EMPLOYMENT POLICIES
JOB OPPORTUNITIES
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
POOR FAMILIES
POPULATION GROWTH
SECONDARY SCHOOLS
WORKER
ACTIVE LABOR MARKET
UNEMPLOYED YOUTH
SECONDARY SCHOOL
UNEMPLOYED
OLDER WORKERS
VIOLENCE
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICY
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAMS
JOB TRAINING
LABOR
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIME AGE
APPRENTICESHIP
LABOUR MARKETS
PREVIOUS RESULTS
MINIMUM WAGES
ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES
PROGRESS
UNIONS
UNEMPLOYMENT
HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
YOUTH LABOR
YOUTH RATES
HUMAN CAPITAL
YOUNG MEN
VOCATIONAL TRAINING
HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
YOUNG AGE
YOUNG ADULTS
WORKERS
YOUNG WORKERS
WAGES
POLICIES
GENDER DIFFERENCES
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
AGE
WAGE SUBSIDIES
MALE COUNTERPARTS
LABOUR MARKET POLICY
DISADVANTAGED YOUTH
AGE GROUPS
LABOUR MARKET
URBAN AREAS
EMPLOYMENT SERVICES
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS
YOUTH
LABOR RELATIONS
POPULATIONS
LABOR MARKET INDICATORS
LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE
POLICY
PRIVATE TRANSFERS
MANPOWER
TERTIARY LEVEL
BUSINESS CYCLES
MINORITY
TEMPORARY JOBS
CHILDREN
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
TRAINING PLACEMENT
EMPLOYABILITY
JOB FAIRS
RURAL AREAS
YOUNG WOMEN
DISABILITY
EMPLOYEE
YOUNG PEOPLE
SCHOOL YOUTH
POPULATION
MARITAL STATUS
WAGE EFFECTS
HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT
FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES
LIVING CONDITIONS
PRIMARY LEVEL
UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
WOMEN
YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT
LABOUR
SOCIAL ISSUES
LABOR MARKETS
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
WAGE SUBSIDY
TERTIARY EDUCATION
YOUTH POPULATION
LABOR REGULATIONS
spellingShingle LABOR MARKET PARTICIPANTS
JOBS
EMPLOYMENT
IMMIGRANT
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
EMPLOYMENT RATE
LABOR MARKET POLICY
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
UNEMPLOYED ADULTS
LABOUR OFFICE
WORKING-AGE POPULATION
OLD AGE
DROPOUTS
YOUTH EMPLOYMENT
MINIMUM WAGE
AGED WORKERS
PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT
UNEMPLOYED WORKER
AGE GROUP
LEVELS OF EDUCATION
TOTAL LABOR FORCE
LABOR FORCE
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
TEEN
IMMIGRANTS
LABOUR MARKET PERFORMANCE
JOB
UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS
EMPLOYMENT RATES
TRAINING PROGRAMS
LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
EDUCATED MEN
LABOR MARKET POLICIES
NUMBER OF PEOPLE
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES
EMPLOYMENT TRENDS
ACTIVE LABOR
YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
JOB SEEKERS
WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAM
WORK EXPERIENCE
KNOWLEDGE
PRIMARY REASON
LABOR MARKET
HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES
GENDER GAP
LABOR COSTS
TRAINING
EMPLOYMENT POLICIES
JOB OPPORTUNITIES
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
POOR FAMILIES
POPULATION GROWTH
SECONDARY SCHOOLS
WORKER
ACTIVE LABOR MARKET
UNEMPLOYED YOUTH
SECONDARY SCHOOL
UNEMPLOYED
OLDER WORKERS
VIOLENCE
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICY
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAMS
JOB TRAINING
LABOR
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIME AGE
APPRENTICESHIP
LABOUR MARKETS
PREVIOUS RESULTS
MINIMUM WAGES
ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES
PROGRESS
UNIONS
UNEMPLOYMENT
HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
YOUTH LABOR
YOUTH RATES
HUMAN CAPITAL
YOUNG MEN
VOCATIONAL TRAINING
HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
YOUNG AGE
YOUNG ADULTS
WORKERS
YOUNG WORKERS
WAGES
POLICIES
GENDER DIFFERENCES
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
AGE
WAGE SUBSIDIES
MALE COUNTERPARTS
LABOUR MARKET POLICY
DISADVANTAGED YOUTH
AGE GROUPS
LABOUR MARKET
URBAN AREAS
EMPLOYMENT SERVICES
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS
YOUTH
LABOR RELATIONS
POPULATIONS
LABOR MARKET INDICATORS
LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE
POLICY
PRIVATE TRANSFERS
MANPOWER
TERTIARY LEVEL
BUSINESS CYCLES
MINORITY
TEMPORARY JOBS
CHILDREN
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
TRAINING PLACEMENT
EMPLOYABILITY
JOB FAIRS
RURAL AREAS
YOUNG WOMEN
DISABILITY
EMPLOYEE
YOUNG PEOPLE
SCHOOL YOUTH
POPULATION
MARITAL STATUS
WAGE EFFECTS
HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT
FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES
LIVING CONDITIONS
PRIMARY LEVEL
UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
WOMEN
YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT
LABOUR
SOCIAL ISSUES
LABOR MARKETS
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
WAGE SUBSIDY
TERTIARY EDUCATION
YOUTH POPULATION
LABOR REGULATIONS
Mauro, Joseph Anthony
Mitra, Sophie
Understanding Out-of-Work and Out-of-School Youth in Europe and Central Asia
geographic_facet Europe and Central Asia
Central Asia
Eastern Europe
Europe and Central Asia
description The objectives of this study are to describe and analyze the out-of-work and out-of-school youth (ages 15-24) in the Europe and Central Asia2 (ECA) region. People who are out-of-work and out-of-school are referred to as NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training). This study attempts to characterize the NEETs by age, gender, education and their activity status. The main findings of this study are listed are as follows: first, the authors find that in the post-2009 period the youth NEET rate for the ECA region was 19.60 percent, which is higher than the OECD youth NEET rate of 16 in 2011 (OECD 2013). Second, this study finds that the NEET rate prior to the financial crisis in 2009 was on the decline, and increased in the post-2009 period. Third, this study finds that the NEET rate for ECA is higher for women than for men for all years. However, since the financial crisis in 2009, the gender gap has declined from 4.64 in pre-2009 to 2.75 percentage points in post-2009, suggesting that young men were more adversely affected by the recession than women. Forth, this study finds that in the ECA region youth males are more often classified as NEETs but active in the labor market, and youth females are more often classified as NEETs but inactive in the labor market. Fifth, using a linear probability model, this study finds that individuals, who are 20-24 years of age, have a lower level of educational attainment and married females are more likely to be NEET. Also, individuals living in urban areas and with lower household sizes are less likely to be NEET. Sixth, another linear probability model was constructed using household budget surveys for six countries in ECA from 2009. The main finding from this model was that NEET youths tend to live in households with lower per capita consumption than their non-NEET counterparts. Seventh, there is an increase in the NEET (unemployed) rate after the crisis, while the NEET (inactive) rate stayed roughly constant.
format Report
author Mauro, Joseph Anthony
Mitra, Sophie
author_facet Mauro, Joseph Anthony
Mitra, Sophie
author_sort Mauro, Joseph Anthony
title Understanding Out-of-Work and Out-of-School Youth in Europe and Central Asia
title_short Understanding Out-of-Work and Out-of-School Youth in Europe and Central Asia
title_full Understanding Out-of-Work and Out-of-School Youth in Europe and Central Asia
title_fullStr Understanding Out-of-Work and Out-of-School Youth in Europe and Central Asia
title_full_unstemmed Understanding Out-of-Work and Out-of-School Youth in Europe and Central Asia
title_sort understanding out-of-work and out-of-school youth in europe and central asia
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2015
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/08/24928250/understanding-out-of-work-out-of-school-youth-europe-central-asia
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22806
_version_ 1764451842949906432
spelling okr-10986-228062021-04-23T14:04:10Z Understanding Out-of-Work and Out-of-School Youth in Europe and Central Asia Mauro, Joseph Anthony Mitra, Sophie LABOR MARKET PARTICIPANTS JOBS EMPLOYMENT IMMIGRANT HOUSEHOLD SIZE EMPLOYMENT RATE LABOR MARKET POLICY UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNEMPLOYED ADULTS LABOUR OFFICE WORKING-AGE POPULATION OLD AGE DROPOUTS YOUTH EMPLOYMENT MINIMUM WAGE AGED WORKERS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYED WORKER AGE GROUP LEVELS OF EDUCATION TOTAL LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT TEEN IMMIGRANTS LABOUR MARKET PERFORMANCE JOB UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS EMPLOYMENT RATES TRAINING PROGRAMS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION EDUCATED MEN LABOR MARKET POLICIES NUMBER OF PEOPLE PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES EMPLOYMENT TRENDS ACTIVE LABOR YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE JOB SEEKERS WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAM WORK EXPERIENCE KNOWLEDGE PRIMARY REASON LABOR MARKET HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES GENDER GAP LABOR COSTS TRAINING EMPLOYMENT POLICIES JOB OPPORTUNITIES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT POOR FAMILIES POPULATION GROWTH SECONDARY SCHOOLS WORKER ACTIVE LABOR MARKET UNEMPLOYED YOUTH SECONDARY SCHOOL UNEMPLOYED OLDER WORKERS VIOLENCE HOUSEHOLD INCOME ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAMS JOB TRAINING LABOR PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIME AGE APPRENTICESHIP LABOUR MARKETS PREVIOUS RESULTS MINIMUM WAGES ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES PROGRESS UNIONS UNEMPLOYMENT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL YOUTH LABOR YOUTH RATES HUMAN CAPITAL YOUNG MEN VOCATIONAL TRAINING HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES YOUNG AGE YOUNG ADULTS WORKERS YOUNG WORKERS WAGES POLICIES GENDER DIFFERENCES UNEMPLOYMENT RATE AGE WAGE SUBSIDIES MALE COUNTERPARTS LABOUR MARKET POLICY DISADVANTAGED YOUTH AGE GROUPS LABOUR MARKET URBAN AREAS EMPLOYMENT SERVICES EMPLOYMENT STATUS LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS YOUTH LABOR RELATIONS POPULATIONS LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE POLICY PRIVATE TRANSFERS MANPOWER TERTIARY LEVEL BUSINESS CYCLES MINORITY TEMPORARY JOBS CHILDREN LEVEL OF EDUCATION TRAINING PLACEMENT EMPLOYABILITY JOB FAIRS RURAL AREAS YOUNG WOMEN DISABILITY EMPLOYEE YOUNG PEOPLE SCHOOL YOUTH POPULATION MARITAL STATUS WAGE EFFECTS HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES LIVING CONDITIONS PRIMARY LEVEL UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS PRIMARY OBJECTIVE WOMEN YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT LABOUR SOCIAL ISSUES LABOR MARKETS EDUCATIONAL LEVEL WAGE SUBSIDY TERTIARY EDUCATION YOUTH POPULATION LABOR REGULATIONS The objectives of this study are to describe and analyze the out-of-work and out-of-school youth (ages 15-24) in the Europe and Central Asia2 (ECA) region. People who are out-of-work and out-of-school are referred to as NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training). This study attempts to characterize the NEETs by age, gender, education and their activity status. The main findings of this study are listed are as follows: first, the authors find that in the post-2009 period the youth NEET rate for the ECA region was 19.60 percent, which is higher than the OECD youth NEET rate of 16 in 2011 (OECD 2013). Second, this study finds that the NEET rate prior to the financial crisis in 2009 was on the decline, and increased in the post-2009 period. Third, this study finds that the NEET rate for ECA is higher for women than for men for all years. However, since the financial crisis in 2009, the gender gap has declined from 4.64 in pre-2009 to 2.75 percentage points in post-2009, suggesting that young men were more adversely affected by the recession than women. Forth, this study finds that in the ECA region youth males are more often classified as NEETs but active in the labor market, and youth females are more often classified as NEETs but inactive in the labor market. Fifth, using a linear probability model, this study finds that individuals, who are 20-24 years of age, have a lower level of educational attainment and married females are more likely to be NEET. Also, individuals living in urban areas and with lower household sizes are less likely to be NEET. Sixth, another linear probability model was constructed using household budget surveys for six countries in ECA from 2009. The main finding from this model was that NEET youths tend to live in households with lower per capita consumption than their non-NEET counterparts. Seventh, there is an increase in the NEET (unemployed) rate after the crisis, while the NEET (inactive) rate stayed roughly constant. 2015-11-03T15:24:11Z 2015-11-03T15:24:11Z 2015-07-30 Report http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/08/24928250/understanding-out-of-work-out-of-school-youth-europe-central-asia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22806 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work Economic & Sector Work :: Other Social Protection Study Europe and Central Asia Central Asia Eastern Europe Europe and Central Asia