A Critical Review of the Literature on Structural Adjustment and the Environment

This paper analyzes the available literature about the effects of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) on the environment and the convincing evidence for their success or failure. The studies covered refer to the SAPs by the World Bank as well as...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Gueorguieva, Anna, Bolt, Katherine
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ENVIRONMENT STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS ECONOMIC REFORM TRADE LIBERALIZATION POLLUTION AGRICULTURE LAND TENURE FORESTRY WATER SECTOR ENERGY URBAN ENVIRONMENT PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE ACCOUNTING ADVERSE EFFECTS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK BIODIVERSITY CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS CIVIL SERVICE COAL COASTAL ZONES COMMODITIES CONSERVATION COST OF CAPITAL CREDIT RATIONING CROP MIX CROP YIELDS CROPS DEBT DEFORESTATION DEREGULATION DEVELOPMENT BANKS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INCENTIVES ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC WELFARE EMISSIONS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENTITLEMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY EQUILIBRIUM EXPENDITURES EXPLOITATION FARMERS FARMING FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SECTOR FOREST MANAGEMENT FORESTS FUEL FUEL WOOD GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME LEVELS INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IRRIGATION LAND PRICES LIVESTOCK LIVING STANDARDS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES LRMC MAIZE MANURE MARGINAL LANDS MIGRATION NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL ENVIRONMENT NATURAL RESOURCES OIL OIL CRISIS OVERGRAZING PESTICIDE USE PESTICIDES POPULATION PRESSURES PRICE CHANGES PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTIVITY PROFITABILITY PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC FINANCE QUOTAS REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS RESERVOIRS RESOURCE USE SAPS SOCIAL SERVICES SOIL DEGRADATION SOIL EROSION SOIL FERTILITY SOILS STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SUBSIDIARY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE USE TAXATION TRANSPORT TREES UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN CENTERS URBANIZATION WASTE WASTE MANAGEMENT WATER RESOURCES WATER USE WATERSHED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT WETLANDS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/04/2455492/critical-review-literature-structural-adjustment-environment http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18396

Internet

http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/04/2455492/critical-review-literature-structural-adjustment-environment
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18396

A Critical Review of the Literature on Structural Adjustment and the Environment

Internet

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