Gender-inclusive Nutrition Activities in South Asia : Volume 2. Lessons from Global Experiences

This paper examines promising approaches from a wide array of literatures to improve gender-inclusive nutrition interventions in South Asia. It is the second of a series on gender and nutrition in South Asia. The first paper explored why gender mat...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lesser Blumberg, Rae, Dewhurst, Kara, Sen, Soham G.
Format: Social Analysis
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:
AID
SEX
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/04/18123770/gender-inclusive-nutrition-activities-south-asia-vol-2-2-lessons-global-experiences
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15980
id okr-10986-15980
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
en_US
topic ABUSE
ADEQUATE NUTRITION
ADOLESCENT GIRLS
ADOLESCENT MOTHERS
ADOLESCENTS
AGE OF MARRIAGE
AGED
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
AGRICULTURE
AID
ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES
ANTENATAL CARE
BABIES
BABY
BASIC NUTRITION
BEHAVIOR CHANGE
BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES
BREAST
BREAST FEEDING
BREASTFEEDING
CHILD CARE
CHILD DEVELOPMENT
CHILD HEALTH
CHILD MALNUTRITION
CHILD NUTRITION
CHILD SURVIVAL
CHILD WELFARE
CHILDBEARING
CHILDBIRTH
CHRONIC MALNUTRITION
COMMUNITY HEALTH
CONTROL OVER RESOURCES
CROPS
CYCLE OF POVERTY
DECISION MAKING
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
DRINKING WATER
EARLY CHILDHOOD
EARLY MARRIAGE
ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
ECONOMIC TRENDS
ECONOMICS
EDUCATION PROGRAMS
EDUCATION PROJECTS
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
ENHANCING WOMEN
ETHNIC GROUP
FAMILIES
FAMILY INCOME
FAMILY MEMBERS
FAMILY PLANNING
FARMERS
FASHION
FATHER
FATHERS
FEED
FEMALE
FEMALE LITERACY
FEMALES
FERTILITY
FIRST BIRTH
FIRST BIRTHS
FIRST PREGNANCY
FOOD PREPARATION
FOOD PRODUCTION
FOOD SECURITY
FOOD STORAGE
GENDER
GENDER BIAS
GENDER DISCRIMINATION
GENDER EQUITY
GENDER INEQUALITY
GENDER INEQUITIES
GENDER NORMS
GENDER ROLES
GIRLS IN SCHOOL
HEALTH CARE
HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS
HEALTH CENTERS
HEALTH EDUCATION
HEALTH FACILITIES
HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
HEALTH MINISTRIES
HEALTH PROBLEMS
HEALTH SERVICES
HEALTH SYSTEM
HEALTH WORKERS
HEIGHT FOR AGE
HOME VISITS
HOSPITAL
HOSPITALS
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
HUMAN CAPITAL
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
HUNGER
HUNGER PROJECT
HUSBANDS
HYGIENE
ILLNESS
IMPACT ON CHILDREN
INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES
INCOMES
INFANT
INFANT MORTALITY
INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS
INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS
INTERVENTION
JOB-SEEKERS
KINSHIP
LACK OF AWARENESS
LAWS
LEADERSHIP
LEARNING
LEGAL STATUS
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
LIVELIHOODS
LOCAL COMMUNITIES
LOCAL COMMUNITY
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
MALE INVOLVEMENT
MARRIAGE AGE
MARRIED WOMEN
MATERNAL DEATHS
MATERNAL MORTALITY
MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES
MATERNAL NUTRITION
MEDICINE
MENTAL HEALTH
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
MOTHER
MOTHERHOOD
NATIONAL COUNCIL
NATIONAL LEVEL
NEWBORN
NGOS
NUMBER OF CHILDREN
NUTRITION
NUTRITION EDUCATION
NUTRITION INFORMATION
NUTRITION PROGRAMS
NUTRITIONAL NEEDS
NUTRITIONAL STATUS
OLDER WOMEN
OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
ORPHANS
PHYSICAL HEALTH
PILOT PROJECTS
POLICY IMPLICATIONS
POLICY RESEARCH
POOR NUTRITION
PREGNANCIES
PREGNANCY
PREGNANT WOMAN
PREGNANT WOMEN
PRENATAL CARE
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
PROGRESS
QUALITY EDUCATION
RADIO
READING
REFUGEE
REGULAR SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
RELIGIOUS LEADERS
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
RESPECT
RURAL AREAS
RURAL WOMEN
SANITATION
SANITATION FACILITIES
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
SCHOOL HEALTH
SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
SCHOOLING
SCHOOLS
SELF ESTEEM
SELF-CONFIDENCE
SELF-ESTEEM
SEX
SKILLS TRAINING
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL DIMENSIONS
SOCIAL NETWORKS
SOCIAL NORMS
SOCIAL SCIENCE
SPECIALISTS
STATUS OF WOMEN
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TEEN
TEEN GIRLS
TEENAGERS
TEENS
TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT
TRADITIONAL HEALERS
VICTIMS
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
WOMAN
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
YOUNG CHILDREN
YOUNG COUPLES
YOUNG MOTHERS
YOUNG WOMEN
spellingShingle ABUSE
ADEQUATE NUTRITION
ADOLESCENT GIRLS
ADOLESCENT MOTHERS
ADOLESCENTS
AGE OF MARRIAGE
AGED
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
AGRICULTURE
AID
ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES
ANTENATAL CARE
BABIES
BABY
BASIC NUTRITION
BEHAVIOR CHANGE
BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES
BREAST
BREAST FEEDING
BREASTFEEDING
CHILD CARE
CHILD DEVELOPMENT
CHILD HEALTH
CHILD MALNUTRITION
CHILD NUTRITION
CHILD SURVIVAL
CHILD WELFARE
CHILDBEARING
CHILDBIRTH
CHRONIC MALNUTRITION
COMMUNITY HEALTH
CONTROL OVER RESOURCES
CROPS
CYCLE OF POVERTY
DECISION MAKING
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
DRINKING WATER
EARLY CHILDHOOD
EARLY MARRIAGE
ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
ECONOMIC TRENDS
ECONOMICS
EDUCATION PROGRAMS
EDUCATION PROJECTS
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
ENHANCING WOMEN
ETHNIC GROUP
FAMILIES
FAMILY INCOME
FAMILY MEMBERS
FAMILY PLANNING
FARMERS
FASHION
FATHER
FATHERS
FEED
FEMALE
FEMALE LITERACY
FEMALES
FERTILITY
FIRST BIRTH
FIRST BIRTHS
FIRST PREGNANCY
FOOD PREPARATION
FOOD PRODUCTION
FOOD SECURITY
FOOD STORAGE
GENDER
GENDER BIAS
GENDER DISCRIMINATION
GENDER EQUITY
GENDER INEQUALITY
GENDER INEQUITIES
GENDER NORMS
GENDER ROLES
GIRLS IN SCHOOL
HEALTH CARE
HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS
HEALTH CENTERS
HEALTH EDUCATION
HEALTH FACILITIES
HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
HEALTH MINISTRIES
HEALTH PROBLEMS
HEALTH SERVICES
HEALTH SYSTEM
HEALTH WORKERS
HEIGHT FOR AGE
HOME VISITS
HOSPITAL
HOSPITALS
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
HUMAN CAPITAL
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
HUNGER
HUNGER PROJECT
HUSBANDS
HYGIENE
ILLNESS
IMPACT ON CHILDREN
INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES
INCOMES
INFANT
INFANT MORTALITY
INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS
INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS
INTERVENTION
JOB-SEEKERS
KINSHIP
LACK OF AWARENESS
LAWS
LEADERSHIP
LEARNING
LEGAL STATUS
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
LIVELIHOODS
LOCAL COMMUNITIES
LOCAL COMMUNITY
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
MALE INVOLVEMENT
MARRIAGE AGE
MARRIED WOMEN
MATERNAL DEATHS
MATERNAL MORTALITY
MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES
MATERNAL NUTRITION
MEDICINE
MENTAL HEALTH
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
MOTHER
MOTHERHOOD
NATIONAL COUNCIL
NATIONAL LEVEL
NEWBORN
NGOS
NUMBER OF CHILDREN
NUTRITION
NUTRITION EDUCATION
NUTRITION INFORMATION
NUTRITION PROGRAMS
NUTRITIONAL NEEDS
NUTRITIONAL STATUS
OLDER WOMEN
OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
ORPHANS
PHYSICAL HEALTH
PILOT PROJECTS
POLICY IMPLICATIONS
POLICY RESEARCH
POOR NUTRITION
PREGNANCIES
PREGNANCY
PREGNANT WOMAN
PREGNANT WOMEN
PRENATAL CARE
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
PROGRESS
QUALITY EDUCATION
RADIO
READING
REFUGEE
REGULAR SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
RELIGIOUS LEADERS
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
RESPECT
RURAL AREAS
RURAL WOMEN
SANITATION
SANITATION FACILITIES
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
SCHOOL HEALTH
SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
SCHOOLING
SCHOOLS
SELF ESTEEM
SELF-CONFIDENCE
SELF-ESTEEM
SEX
SKILLS TRAINING
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL DIMENSIONS
SOCIAL NETWORKS
SOCIAL NORMS
SOCIAL SCIENCE
SPECIALISTS
STATUS OF WOMEN
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TEEN
TEEN GIRLS
TEENAGERS
TEENS
TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT
TRADITIONAL HEALERS
VICTIMS
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
WOMAN
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
YOUNG CHILDREN
YOUNG COUPLES
YOUNG MOTHERS
YOUNG WOMEN
Lesser Blumberg, Rae
Dewhurst, Kara
Sen, Soham G.
Gender-inclusive Nutrition Activities in South Asia : Volume 2. Lessons from Global Experiences
geographic_facet South Asia
South Asia
description This paper examines promising approaches from a wide array of literatures to improve gender-inclusive nutrition interventions in South Asia. It is the second of a series on gender and nutrition in South Asia. The first paper explored why gender matters for undernutrition in the region and conducted a mapping of regional nutrition initiatives to find that gender is too narrowly addressed in most programs if at all. Adequately addressing gender2 requires nutrition programs to focus not only on health services and information for the mother and her children, but also on her autonomy and the support she receives from her partner, other household members, and the broader community. This focus is especially important for adolescent mothers in the region, who have very low status. The present study drew from the conceptual framework of the previous paper and investigated four types of innovations in nutrition initiatives that address gender. These entail promoting: (1) women s household autonomy; (2) household support for the woman and her own and her children s nutrition; (3) community support for the woman and her own and her children s nutrition; and (4) help for adolescent girls. Though the ideal "gender-inclusive nutrition interventions" package (GINI for short) was never found, based on the findings of this review, it can be described. Indeed, it is quite consonant with this study s conceptual framework. The most effective programs would encompass the following "success factors": (a) ensure that the targeted women not only earn but control income (as in the HKI homestead garden projects in Bangladesh, Nepal and Cambodia); (b) get the powerful members of young married women s households - men and paternal grandmothers - on board by means of peer advocacy and community-oriented programs that (c) provide them with information on nutrition and women s child welfare-focused spending patterns, (d) as well as (small) incentives so they don t seize control of income or marketable food generated by those women. These programs also would (e) train forward-looking local women (including grandmothers) and men for volunteer roles (preferably with small incentives for sustainability). (f) They would provide BCC on nutrition and help increase support by community leaders, religious figures and members for young women s livelihoods as well as mother/child nutrition. (g) Finally, the ideal GINI would also target teen girls, offering them nutrition information, along with incentives to parents to keep them in school and programs for the girls to earn money. Positive examples encountered in the literature are presented below (along with some partial successes that need further refinement). If polished and scaled up, such programs could put a big dent in the "South Asian Enigma" and both the gender inequities and malnutrition that define it.
format Economic & Sector Work :: Social Analysis
author Lesser Blumberg, Rae
Dewhurst, Kara
Sen, Soham G.
author_facet Lesser Blumberg, Rae
Dewhurst, Kara
Sen, Soham G.
author_sort Lesser Blumberg, Rae
title Gender-inclusive Nutrition Activities in South Asia : Volume 2. Lessons from Global Experiences
title_short Gender-inclusive Nutrition Activities in South Asia : Volume 2. Lessons from Global Experiences
title_full Gender-inclusive Nutrition Activities in South Asia : Volume 2. Lessons from Global Experiences
title_fullStr Gender-inclusive Nutrition Activities in South Asia : Volume 2. Lessons from Global Experiences
title_full_unstemmed Gender-inclusive Nutrition Activities in South Asia : Volume 2. Lessons from Global Experiences
title_sort gender-inclusive nutrition activities in south asia : volume 2. lessons from global experiences
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2013
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/04/18123770/gender-inclusive-nutrition-activities-south-asia-vol-2-2-lessons-global-experiences
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15980
_version_ 1764431774277959680
spelling okr-10986-159802021-04-23T14:03:23Z Gender-inclusive Nutrition Activities in South Asia : Volume 2. Lessons from Global Experiences Lesser Blumberg, Rae Dewhurst, Kara Sen, Soham G. ABUSE ADEQUATE NUTRITION ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADOLESCENT MOTHERS ADOLESCENTS AGE OF MARRIAGE AGED AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES AGRICULTURE AID ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ANTENATAL CARE BABIES BABY BASIC NUTRITION BEHAVIOR CHANGE BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BREAST BREAST FEEDING BREASTFEEDING CHILD CARE CHILD DEVELOPMENT CHILD HEALTH CHILD MALNUTRITION CHILD NUTRITION CHILD SURVIVAL CHILD WELFARE CHILDBEARING CHILDBIRTH CHRONIC MALNUTRITION COMMUNITY HEALTH CONTROL OVER RESOURCES CROPS CYCLE OF POVERTY DECISION MAKING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DRINKING WATER EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY MARRIAGE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIC TRENDS ECONOMICS EDUCATION PROGRAMS EDUCATION PROJECTS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN ENHANCING WOMEN ETHNIC GROUP FAMILIES FAMILY INCOME FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY PLANNING FARMERS FASHION FATHER FATHERS FEED FEMALE FEMALE LITERACY FEMALES FERTILITY FIRST BIRTH FIRST BIRTHS FIRST PREGNANCY FOOD PREPARATION FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SECURITY FOOD STORAGE GENDER GENDER BIAS GENDER DISCRIMINATION GENDER EQUITY GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER INEQUITIES GENDER NORMS GENDER ROLES GIRLS IN SCHOOL HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH MINISTRIES HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH WORKERS HEIGHT FOR AGE HOME VISITS HOSPITAL HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUNGER HUNGER PROJECT HUSBANDS HYGIENE ILLNESS IMPACT ON CHILDREN INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INCOMES INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS INTERVENTION JOB-SEEKERS KINSHIP LACK OF AWARENESS LAWS LEADERSHIP LEARNING LEGAL STATUS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIVELIHOODS LOCAL COMMUNITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOW BIRTH WEIGHT MALE INVOLVEMENT MARRIAGE AGE MARRIED WOMEN MATERNAL DEATHS MATERNAL MORTALITY MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES MATERNAL NUTRITION MEDICINE MENTAL HEALTH MINISTRY OF HEALTH MOTHER MOTHERHOOD NATIONAL COUNCIL NATIONAL LEVEL NEWBORN NGOS NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUTRITION NUTRITION EDUCATION NUTRITION INFORMATION NUTRITION PROGRAMS NUTRITIONAL NEEDS NUTRITIONAL STATUS OLDER WOMEN OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN ORPHANS PHYSICAL HEALTH PILOT PROJECTS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR NUTRITION PREGNANCIES PREGNANCY PREGNANT WOMAN PREGNANT WOMEN PRENATAL CARE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PROGRESS QUALITY EDUCATION RADIO READING REFUGEE REGULAR SCHOOL ATTENDANCE RELIGIOUS LEADERS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL WOMEN SANITATION SANITATION FACILITIES SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL HEALTH SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SELF ESTEEM SELF-CONFIDENCE SELF-ESTEEM SEX SKILLS TRAINING SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL DIMENSIONS SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SCIENCE SPECIALISTS STATUS OF WOMEN TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEEN TEEN GIRLS TEENAGERS TEENS TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT TRADITIONAL HEALERS VICTIMS VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN WOMAN WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG COUPLES YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG WOMEN This paper examines promising approaches from a wide array of literatures to improve gender-inclusive nutrition interventions in South Asia. It is the second of a series on gender and nutrition in South Asia. The first paper explored why gender matters for undernutrition in the region and conducted a mapping of regional nutrition initiatives to find that gender is too narrowly addressed in most programs if at all. Adequately addressing gender2 requires nutrition programs to focus not only on health services and information for the mother and her children, but also on her autonomy and the support she receives from her partner, other household members, and the broader community. This focus is especially important for adolescent mothers in the region, who have very low status. The present study drew from the conceptual framework of the previous paper and investigated four types of innovations in nutrition initiatives that address gender. These entail promoting: (1) women s household autonomy; (2) household support for the woman and her own and her children s nutrition; (3) community support for the woman and her own and her children s nutrition; and (4) help for adolescent girls. Though the ideal "gender-inclusive nutrition interventions" package (GINI for short) was never found, based on the findings of this review, it can be described. Indeed, it is quite consonant with this study s conceptual framework. The most effective programs would encompass the following "success factors": (a) ensure that the targeted women not only earn but control income (as in the HKI homestead garden projects in Bangladesh, Nepal and Cambodia); (b) get the powerful members of young married women s households - men and paternal grandmothers - on board by means of peer advocacy and community-oriented programs that (c) provide them with information on nutrition and women s child welfare-focused spending patterns, (d) as well as (small) incentives so they don t seize control of income or marketable food generated by those women. These programs also would (e) train forward-looking local women (including grandmothers) and men for volunteer roles (preferably with small incentives for sustainability). (f) They would provide BCC on nutrition and help increase support by community leaders, religious figures and members for young women s livelihoods as well as mother/child nutrition. (g) Finally, the ideal GINI would also target teen girls, offering them nutrition information, along with incentives to parents to keep them in school and programs for the girls to earn money. Positive examples encountered in the literature are presented below (along with some partial successes that need further refinement). If polished and scaled up, such programs could put a big dent in the "South Asian Enigma" and both the gender inequities and malnutrition that define it. 2013-10-01T18:52:46Z 2013-10-01T18:52:46Z 2013-04 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/04/18123770/gender-inclusive-nutrition-activities-south-asia-vol-2-2-lessons-global-experiences http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15980 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Social Analysis Economic & Sector Work South Asia South Asia