Gender-inclusive Nutrition Activities in South Asia : Volume 2. Lessons from Global Experiences
This paper examines promising approaches from a wide array of literatures to improve gender-inclusive nutrition interventions in South Asia. It is the second of a series on gender and nutrition in South Asia. The first paper explored why gender mat...
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| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/04/18123770/gender-inclusive-nutrition-activities-south-asia-vol-2-2-lessons-global-experiences http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15980 |
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okr-10986-15980 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
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English en_US |
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ABUSE ADEQUATE NUTRITION ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADOLESCENT MOTHERS ADOLESCENTS AGE OF MARRIAGE AGED AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES AGRICULTURE AID ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ANTENATAL CARE BABIES BABY BASIC NUTRITION BEHAVIOR CHANGE BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BREAST BREAST FEEDING BREASTFEEDING CHILD CARE CHILD DEVELOPMENT CHILD HEALTH CHILD MALNUTRITION CHILD NUTRITION CHILD SURVIVAL CHILD WELFARE CHILDBEARING CHILDBIRTH CHRONIC MALNUTRITION COMMUNITY HEALTH CONTROL OVER RESOURCES CROPS CYCLE OF POVERTY DECISION MAKING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DRINKING WATER EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY MARRIAGE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIC TRENDS ECONOMICS EDUCATION PROGRAMS EDUCATION PROJECTS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN ENHANCING WOMEN ETHNIC GROUP FAMILIES FAMILY INCOME FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY PLANNING FARMERS FASHION FATHER FATHERS FEED FEMALE FEMALE LITERACY FEMALES FERTILITY FIRST BIRTH FIRST BIRTHS FIRST PREGNANCY FOOD PREPARATION FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SECURITY FOOD STORAGE GENDER GENDER BIAS GENDER DISCRIMINATION GENDER EQUITY GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER INEQUITIES GENDER NORMS GENDER ROLES GIRLS IN SCHOOL HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH MINISTRIES HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH WORKERS HEIGHT FOR AGE HOME VISITS HOSPITAL HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUNGER HUNGER PROJECT HUSBANDS HYGIENE ILLNESS IMPACT ON CHILDREN INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INCOMES INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS INTERVENTION JOB-SEEKERS KINSHIP LACK OF AWARENESS LAWS LEADERSHIP LEARNING LEGAL STATUS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIVELIHOODS LOCAL COMMUNITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOW BIRTH WEIGHT MALE INVOLVEMENT MARRIAGE AGE MARRIED WOMEN MATERNAL DEATHS MATERNAL MORTALITY MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES MATERNAL NUTRITION MEDICINE MENTAL HEALTH MINISTRY OF HEALTH MOTHER MOTHERHOOD NATIONAL COUNCIL NATIONAL LEVEL NEWBORN NGOS NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUTRITION NUTRITION EDUCATION NUTRITION INFORMATION NUTRITION PROGRAMS NUTRITIONAL NEEDS NUTRITIONAL STATUS OLDER WOMEN OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN ORPHANS PHYSICAL HEALTH PILOT PROJECTS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR NUTRITION PREGNANCIES PREGNANCY PREGNANT WOMAN PREGNANT WOMEN PRENATAL CARE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PROGRESS QUALITY EDUCATION RADIO READING REFUGEE REGULAR SCHOOL ATTENDANCE RELIGIOUS LEADERS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL WOMEN SANITATION SANITATION FACILITIES SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL HEALTH SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SELF ESTEEM SELF-CONFIDENCE SELF-ESTEEM SEX SKILLS TRAINING SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL DIMENSIONS SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SCIENCE SPECIALISTS STATUS OF WOMEN TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEEN TEEN GIRLS TEENAGERS TEENS TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT TRADITIONAL HEALERS VICTIMS VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN WOMAN WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG COUPLES YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG WOMEN |
| spellingShingle |
ABUSE ADEQUATE NUTRITION ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADOLESCENT MOTHERS ADOLESCENTS AGE OF MARRIAGE AGED AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES AGRICULTURE AID ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ANTENATAL CARE BABIES BABY BASIC NUTRITION BEHAVIOR CHANGE BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BREAST BREAST FEEDING BREASTFEEDING CHILD CARE CHILD DEVELOPMENT CHILD HEALTH CHILD MALNUTRITION CHILD NUTRITION CHILD SURVIVAL CHILD WELFARE CHILDBEARING CHILDBIRTH CHRONIC MALNUTRITION COMMUNITY HEALTH CONTROL OVER RESOURCES CROPS CYCLE OF POVERTY DECISION MAKING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DRINKING WATER EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY MARRIAGE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIC TRENDS ECONOMICS EDUCATION PROGRAMS EDUCATION PROJECTS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN ENHANCING WOMEN ETHNIC GROUP FAMILIES FAMILY INCOME FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY PLANNING FARMERS FASHION FATHER FATHERS FEED FEMALE FEMALE LITERACY FEMALES FERTILITY FIRST BIRTH FIRST BIRTHS FIRST PREGNANCY FOOD PREPARATION FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SECURITY FOOD STORAGE GENDER GENDER BIAS GENDER DISCRIMINATION GENDER EQUITY GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER INEQUITIES GENDER NORMS GENDER ROLES GIRLS IN SCHOOL HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH MINISTRIES HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH WORKERS HEIGHT FOR AGE HOME VISITS HOSPITAL HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUNGER HUNGER PROJECT HUSBANDS HYGIENE ILLNESS IMPACT ON CHILDREN INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INCOMES INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS INTERVENTION JOB-SEEKERS KINSHIP LACK OF AWARENESS LAWS LEADERSHIP LEARNING LEGAL STATUS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIVELIHOODS LOCAL COMMUNITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOW BIRTH WEIGHT MALE INVOLVEMENT MARRIAGE AGE MARRIED WOMEN MATERNAL DEATHS MATERNAL MORTALITY MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES MATERNAL NUTRITION MEDICINE MENTAL HEALTH MINISTRY OF HEALTH MOTHER MOTHERHOOD NATIONAL COUNCIL NATIONAL LEVEL NEWBORN NGOS NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUTRITION NUTRITION EDUCATION NUTRITION INFORMATION NUTRITION PROGRAMS NUTRITIONAL NEEDS NUTRITIONAL STATUS OLDER WOMEN OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN ORPHANS PHYSICAL HEALTH PILOT PROJECTS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR NUTRITION PREGNANCIES PREGNANCY PREGNANT WOMAN PREGNANT WOMEN PRENATAL CARE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PROGRESS QUALITY EDUCATION RADIO READING REFUGEE REGULAR SCHOOL ATTENDANCE RELIGIOUS LEADERS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL WOMEN SANITATION SANITATION FACILITIES SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL HEALTH SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SELF ESTEEM SELF-CONFIDENCE SELF-ESTEEM SEX SKILLS TRAINING SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL DIMENSIONS SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SCIENCE SPECIALISTS STATUS OF WOMEN TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEEN TEEN GIRLS TEENAGERS TEENS TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT TRADITIONAL HEALERS VICTIMS VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN WOMAN WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG COUPLES YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG WOMEN Lesser Blumberg, Rae Dewhurst, Kara Sen, Soham G. Gender-inclusive Nutrition Activities in South Asia : Volume 2. Lessons from Global Experiences |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia South Asia |
| description |
This paper examines promising approaches
from a wide array of literatures to improve gender-inclusive
nutrition interventions in South Asia. It is the second of a
series on gender and nutrition in South Asia. The first
paper explored why gender matters for undernutrition in the
region and conducted a mapping of regional nutrition
initiatives to find that gender is too narrowly addressed in
most programs if at all. Adequately addressing gender2
requires nutrition programs to focus not only on health
services and information for the mother and her children,
but also on her autonomy and the support she receives from
her partner, other household members, and the broader
community. This focus is especially important for adolescent
mothers in the region, who have very low status. The present
study drew from the conceptual framework of the previous
paper and investigated four types of innovations in
nutrition initiatives that address gender. These entail
promoting: (1) women s household autonomy; (2) household
support for the woman and her own and her children s
nutrition; (3) community support for the woman and her own
and her children s nutrition; and (4) help for adolescent
girls. Though the ideal "gender-inclusive nutrition
interventions" package (GINI for short) was never
found, based on the findings of this review, it can be
described. Indeed, it is quite consonant with this study s
conceptual framework. The most effective programs would
encompass the following "success factors": (a)
ensure that the targeted women not only earn but control
income (as in the HKI homestead garden projects in
Bangladesh, Nepal and Cambodia); (b) get the powerful
members of young married women s households - men and
paternal grandmothers - on board by means of peer advocacy
and community-oriented programs that (c) provide them with
information on nutrition and women s child welfare-focused
spending patterns, (d) as well as (small) incentives so they
don t seize control of income or marketable food generated
by those women. These programs also would (e) train
forward-looking local women (including grandmothers) and men
for volunteer roles (preferably with small incentives for
sustainability). (f) They would provide BCC on nutrition and
help increase support by community leaders, religious
figures and members for young women s livelihoods as well as
mother/child nutrition. (g) Finally, the ideal GINI would
also target teen girls, offering them nutrition information,
along with incentives to parents to keep them in school and
programs for the girls to earn money. Positive examples
encountered in the literature are presented below (along
with some partial successes that need further refinement).
If polished and scaled up, such programs could put a big
dent in the "South Asian Enigma" and both the
gender inequities and malnutrition that define it. |
| format |
Economic & Sector Work :: Social Analysis |
| author |
Lesser Blumberg, Rae Dewhurst, Kara Sen, Soham G. |
| author_facet |
Lesser Blumberg, Rae Dewhurst, Kara Sen, Soham G. |
| author_sort |
Lesser Blumberg, Rae |
| title |
Gender-inclusive Nutrition Activities in South Asia : Volume 2. Lessons from Global Experiences |
| title_short |
Gender-inclusive Nutrition Activities in South Asia : Volume 2. Lessons from Global Experiences |
| title_full |
Gender-inclusive Nutrition Activities in South Asia : Volume 2. Lessons from Global Experiences |
| title_fullStr |
Gender-inclusive Nutrition Activities in South Asia : Volume 2. Lessons from Global Experiences |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Gender-inclusive Nutrition Activities in South Asia : Volume 2. Lessons from Global Experiences |
| title_sort |
gender-inclusive nutrition activities in south asia : volume 2. lessons from global experiences |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/04/18123770/gender-inclusive-nutrition-activities-south-asia-vol-2-2-lessons-global-experiences http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15980 |
| _version_ |
1764431774277959680 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-159802021-04-23T14:03:23Z Gender-inclusive Nutrition Activities in South Asia : Volume 2. Lessons from Global Experiences Lesser Blumberg, Rae Dewhurst, Kara Sen, Soham G. ABUSE ADEQUATE NUTRITION ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADOLESCENT MOTHERS ADOLESCENTS AGE OF MARRIAGE AGED AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES AGRICULTURE AID ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ANTENATAL CARE BABIES BABY BASIC NUTRITION BEHAVIOR CHANGE BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BREAST BREAST FEEDING BREASTFEEDING CHILD CARE CHILD DEVELOPMENT CHILD HEALTH CHILD MALNUTRITION CHILD NUTRITION CHILD SURVIVAL CHILD WELFARE CHILDBEARING CHILDBIRTH CHRONIC MALNUTRITION COMMUNITY HEALTH CONTROL OVER RESOURCES CROPS CYCLE OF POVERTY DECISION MAKING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DRINKING WATER EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY MARRIAGE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIC TRENDS ECONOMICS EDUCATION PROGRAMS EDUCATION PROJECTS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN ENHANCING WOMEN ETHNIC GROUP FAMILIES FAMILY INCOME FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY PLANNING FARMERS FASHION FATHER FATHERS FEED FEMALE FEMALE LITERACY FEMALES FERTILITY FIRST BIRTH FIRST BIRTHS FIRST PREGNANCY FOOD PREPARATION FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SECURITY FOOD STORAGE GENDER GENDER BIAS GENDER DISCRIMINATION GENDER EQUITY GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER INEQUITIES GENDER NORMS GENDER ROLES GIRLS IN SCHOOL HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH MINISTRIES HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH WORKERS HEIGHT FOR AGE HOME VISITS HOSPITAL HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUNGER HUNGER PROJECT HUSBANDS HYGIENE ILLNESS IMPACT ON CHILDREN INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INCOMES INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS INTERVENTION JOB-SEEKERS KINSHIP LACK OF AWARENESS LAWS LEADERSHIP LEARNING LEGAL STATUS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIVELIHOODS LOCAL COMMUNITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOW BIRTH WEIGHT MALE INVOLVEMENT MARRIAGE AGE MARRIED WOMEN MATERNAL DEATHS MATERNAL MORTALITY MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES MATERNAL NUTRITION MEDICINE MENTAL HEALTH MINISTRY OF HEALTH MOTHER MOTHERHOOD NATIONAL COUNCIL NATIONAL LEVEL NEWBORN NGOS NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUTRITION NUTRITION EDUCATION NUTRITION INFORMATION NUTRITION PROGRAMS NUTRITIONAL NEEDS NUTRITIONAL STATUS OLDER WOMEN OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN ORPHANS PHYSICAL HEALTH PILOT PROJECTS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR NUTRITION PREGNANCIES PREGNANCY PREGNANT WOMAN PREGNANT WOMEN PRENATAL CARE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PROGRESS QUALITY EDUCATION RADIO READING REFUGEE REGULAR SCHOOL ATTENDANCE RELIGIOUS LEADERS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL WOMEN SANITATION SANITATION FACILITIES SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL HEALTH SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SELF ESTEEM SELF-CONFIDENCE SELF-ESTEEM SEX SKILLS TRAINING SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL DIMENSIONS SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SCIENCE SPECIALISTS STATUS OF WOMEN TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEEN TEEN GIRLS TEENAGERS TEENS TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT TRADITIONAL HEALERS VICTIMS VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN WOMAN WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG COUPLES YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG WOMEN This paper examines promising approaches from a wide array of literatures to improve gender-inclusive nutrition interventions in South Asia. It is the second of a series on gender and nutrition in South Asia. The first paper explored why gender matters for undernutrition in the region and conducted a mapping of regional nutrition initiatives to find that gender is too narrowly addressed in most programs if at all. Adequately addressing gender2 requires nutrition programs to focus not only on health services and information for the mother and her children, but also on her autonomy and the support she receives from her partner, other household members, and the broader community. This focus is especially important for adolescent mothers in the region, who have very low status. The present study drew from the conceptual framework of the previous paper and investigated four types of innovations in nutrition initiatives that address gender. These entail promoting: (1) women s household autonomy; (2) household support for the woman and her own and her children s nutrition; (3) community support for the woman and her own and her children s nutrition; and (4) help for adolescent girls. Though the ideal "gender-inclusive nutrition interventions" package (GINI for short) was never found, based on the findings of this review, it can be described. Indeed, it is quite consonant with this study s conceptual framework. The most effective programs would encompass the following "success factors": (a) ensure that the targeted women not only earn but control income (as in the HKI homestead garden projects in Bangladesh, Nepal and Cambodia); (b) get the powerful members of young married women s households - men and paternal grandmothers - on board by means of peer advocacy and community-oriented programs that (c) provide them with information on nutrition and women s child welfare-focused spending patterns, (d) as well as (small) incentives so they don t seize control of income or marketable food generated by those women. These programs also would (e) train forward-looking local women (including grandmothers) and men for volunteer roles (preferably with small incentives for sustainability). (f) They would provide BCC on nutrition and help increase support by community leaders, religious figures and members for young women s livelihoods as well as mother/child nutrition. (g) Finally, the ideal GINI would also target teen girls, offering them nutrition information, along with incentives to parents to keep them in school and programs for the girls to earn money. Positive examples encountered in the literature are presented below (along with some partial successes that need further refinement). If polished and scaled up, such programs could put a big dent in the "South Asian Enigma" and both the gender inequities and malnutrition that define it. 2013-10-01T18:52:46Z 2013-10-01T18:52:46Z 2013-04 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/04/18123770/gender-inclusive-nutrition-activities-south-asia-vol-2-2-lessons-global-experiences http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15980 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Social Analysis Economic & Sector Work South Asia South Asia |