Inequality of Opportunity, Income Inequality and Economic Mobility : Some International Comparisons

Despite a recent surge in the number of studies attempting to measure inequality of opportunity in various countries, methodological differences have so far prevented meaningful international comparisons. This paper presents a comparison of ex-ante...

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Main Authors:	Brunori, Paolo, Ferreira, Francisco H.G., Peragine, Vito
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE ACCESS TO SERVICES BETWEEN-GROUP INEQUALITY CAUSE INEQUALITY COUNTERFACTUAL CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISONS DATA SETS DECOMPOSABLE INCOME INEQUALITY MEASURES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISCRIMINATION DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL OUTCOMES ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC STUDIES ECONOMIC SURVEYS ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMICS LITERATURE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITY OF POVERTY EMPIRICAL APPROACHES EMPIRICAL LITERATURE EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP EQUAL ACCESS ETHNIC GROUP EX-ANTE INEQUALITY EXCHANGE RATES EXOGENOUS FACTORS FUNCTIONAL FORM GDP GDP PER CAPITA GINI COEFFICIENT GNP GNP PER CAPITA GROSS INCOME GROWTH ELASTICITY HBS HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME COMPONENTS INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME SOURCES INCOMES INCREASING RETURNS INDEX OF INEQUALITY INDIVIDUAL INCOMES INEQUALITIES IN INCOME INEQUALITY INEQUALITY AVERSION INEQUALITY DECOMPOSITION INEQUALITY INDEX INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURE INEQUALITY MEASURES INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITIES INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY INHERITANCE INTERGENERATIONAL EARNINGS ELASTICITY INTERGENERATIONAL EARNINGS MOBILITY INTERGENERATIONAL ELASTICITY INTERGENERATIONAL ELASTICITY OF EARNINGS INTERGENERATIONAL INCOME MOBILITY INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS INVERTED-U RELATIONSHIP LABOR FORCE LABOR INCOME LABOR MARKET LIFE EXPECTANCY LINEAR RELATIONSHIP MEAN INCOME MEAN LOG DEVIATION MEAN VALUE MEASURE OF INEQUALITY MEASUREMENT ERROR MEASURES OF INEQUALITY MEASURING INEQUALITY MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES NATIONAL INCOME NEGATIVE CORRELATION NORMATIVE ECONOMICS NUMERICAL VALUE OLIGARCHY OPPORTUNITY SET OPPORTUNITY SETS OUTPUT PER CAPITA OVERALL INEQUALITY PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOME LEVELS PER CAPITA INCOMES PERMANENT INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY VARIABLES POLITICAL CHANNELS POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INEQUALITIES POLITICAL INFLUENCE POLITICAL POWER POOR POPULATION SHARE POSITIVE CORRELATION POVERTY REDUCTION PUBLIC ECONOMICS PUBLIC GOODS SANITATION SKILLED LABOR SOCIAL MOBILITY TOTAL INEQUALITY UNEQUAL OPPORTUNITIES VALUATION WAGES WEALTH WELFARE ECONOMICS WELFARE INDICATORS WELL-BEING WELLBEING
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17150436/inequality-opportunity-income-inequality-economic-mobility-some-international-comparisons http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12193

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recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-121932021-04-23T14:03:06Z Inequality of Opportunity, Income Inequality and Economic Mobility : Some International Comparisons Brunori, Paolo Ferreira, Francisco H.G. Peragine, Vito ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE ACCESS TO SERVICES BETWEEN-GROUP INEQUALITY CAUSE INEQUALITY COUNTERFACTUAL CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISONS DATA SETS DECOMPOSABLE INCOME INEQUALITY MEASURES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISCRIMINATION DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL OUTCOMES ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC STUDIES ECONOMIC SURVEYS ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMICS LITERATURE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITY OF POVERTY EMPIRICAL APPROACHES EMPIRICAL LITERATURE EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP EQUAL ACCESS ETHNIC GROUP EX-ANTE INEQUALITY EXCHANGE RATES EXOGENOUS FACTORS FUNCTIONAL FORM GDP GDP PER CAPITA GINI COEFFICIENT GNP GNP PER CAPITA GROSS INCOME GROWTH ELASTICITY HBS HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME COMPONENTS INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME SOURCES INCOMES INCREASING RETURNS INDEX OF INEQUALITY INDIVIDUAL INCOMES INEQUALITIES IN INCOME INEQUALITY INEQUALITY AVERSION INEQUALITY DECOMPOSITION INEQUALITY INDEX INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURE INEQUALITY MEASURES INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITIES INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY INHERITANCE INTERGENERATIONAL EARNINGS ELASTICITY INTERGENERATIONAL EARNINGS MOBILITY INTERGENERATIONAL ELASTICITY INTERGENERATIONAL ELASTICITY OF EARNINGS INTERGENERATIONAL INCOME MOBILITY INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS INVERTED-U RELATIONSHIP LABOR FORCE LABOR INCOME LABOR MARKET LIFE EXPECTANCY LINEAR RELATIONSHIP MEAN INCOME MEAN LOG DEVIATION MEAN VALUE MEASURE OF INEQUALITY MEASUREMENT ERROR MEASURES OF INEQUALITY MEASURING INEQUALITY MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES NATIONAL INCOME NEGATIVE CORRELATION NORMATIVE ECONOMICS NUMERICAL VALUE OLIGARCHY OPPORTUNITY SET OPPORTUNITY SETS OUTPUT PER CAPITA OVERALL INEQUALITY PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOME LEVELS PER CAPITA INCOMES PERMANENT INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY VARIABLES POLITICAL CHANNELS POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INEQUALITIES POLITICAL INFLUENCE POLITICAL POWER POOR POPULATION SHARE POSITIVE CORRELATION POVERTY REDUCTION PUBLIC ECONOMICS PUBLIC GOODS SANITATION SKILLED LABOR SOCIAL MOBILITY TOTAL INEQUALITY UNEQUAL OPPORTUNITIES VALUATION WAGES WEALTH WELFARE ECONOMICS WELFARE INDICATORS WELL-BEING WELLBEING Despite a recent surge in the number of studies attempting to measure inequality of opportunity in various countries, methodological differences have so far prevented meaningful international comparisons. This paper presents a comparison of ex-ante measures of inequality of economic opportunity (IEO) across 41 countries, and of the Human Opportunity Index (HOI) for 39 countries. It also examines international correlations between these indices and output per capita, income inequality, and intergenerational mobility. The analysis finds evidence of a "Kuznets curve" for inequality of opportunity, and finds that the IEO index is positively correlated with overall income inequality, and negatively with measures of intergenerational mobility, both in incomes and in years of schooling. The HOI is highly correlated with the Human Development Index, and its internal measure of inequality of opportunity yields very different country rankings from the IEO measure. 2013-01-29T17:34:09Z 2013-01-29T17:34:09Z 2013-01 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17150436/inequality-opportunity-income-inequality-economic-mobility-some-international-comparisons http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12193 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6304 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE ACCESS TO SERVICES BETWEEN-GROUP INEQUALITY CAUSE INEQUALITY COUNTERFACTUAL CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISONS DATA SETS DECOMPOSABLE INCOME INEQUALITY MEASURES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISCRIMINATION DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL OUTCOMES ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC STUDIES ECONOMIC SURVEYS ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMICS LITERATURE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITY OF POVERTY EMPIRICAL APPROACHES EMPIRICAL LITERATURE EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP EQUAL ACCESS ETHNIC GROUP EX-ANTE INEQUALITY EXCHANGE RATES EXOGENOUS FACTORS FUNCTIONAL FORM GDP GDP PER CAPITA GINI COEFFICIENT GNP GNP PER CAPITA GROSS INCOME GROWTH ELASTICITY HBS HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME COMPONENTS INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME SOURCES INCOMES INCREASING RETURNS INDEX OF INEQUALITY INDIVIDUAL INCOMES INEQUALITIES IN INCOME INEQUALITY INEQUALITY AVERSION INEQUALITY DECOMPOSITION INEQUALITY INDEX INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURE INEQUALITY MEASURES INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITIES INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY INHERITANCE INTERGENERATIONAL EARNINGS ELASTICITY INTERGENERATIONAL EARNINGS MOBILITY INTERGENERATIONAL ELASTICITY INTERGENERATIONAL ELASTICITY OF EARNINGS INTERGENERATIONAL INCOME MOBILITY INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS INVERTED-U RELATIONSHIP LABOR FORCE LABOR INCOME LABOR MARKET LIFE EXPECTANCY LINEAR RELATIONSHIP MEAN INCOME MEAN LOG DEVIATION MEAN VALUE MEASURE OF INEQUALITY MEASUREMENT ERROR MEASURES OF INEQUALITY MEASURING INEQUALITY MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES NATIONAL INCOME NEGATIVE CORRELATION NORMATIVE ECONOMICS NUMERICAL VALUE OLIGARCHY OPPORTUNITY SET OPPORTUNITY SETS OUTPUT PER CAPITA OVERALL INEQUALITY PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOME LEVELS PER CAPITA INCOMES PERMANENT INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY VARIABLES POLITICAL CHANNELS POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INEQUALITIES POLITICAL INFLUENCE POLITICAL POWER POOR POPULATION SHARE POSITIVE CORRELATION POVERTY REDUCTION PUBLIC ECONOMICS PUBLIC GOODS SANITATION SKILLED LABOR SOCIAL MOBILITY TOTAL INEQUALITY UNEQUAL OPPORTUNITIES VALUATION WAGES WEALTH WELFARE ECONOMICS WELFARE INDICATORS WELL-BEING WELLBEING
spellingShingle	ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE ACCESS TO SERVICES BETWEEN-GROUP INEQUALITY CAUSE INEQUALITY COUNTERFACTUAL CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISONS DATA SETS DECOMPOSABLE INCOME INEQUALITY MEASURES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISCRIMINATION DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL OUTCOMES ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC STUDIES ECONOMIC SURVEYS ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMICS LITERATURE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITY OF POVERTY EMPIRICAL APPROACHES EMPIRICAL LITERATURE EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP EQUAL ACCESS ETHNIC GROUP EX-ANTE INEQUALITY EXCHANGE RATES EXOGENOUS FACTORS FUNCTIONAL FORM GDP GDP PER CAPITA GINI COEFFICIENT GNP GNP PER CAPITA GROSS INCOME GROWTH ELASTICITY HBS HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME COMPONENTS INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME SOURCES INCOMES INCREASING RETURNS INDEX OF INEQUALITY INDIVIDUAL INCOMES INEQUALITIES IN INCOME INEQUALITY INEQUALITY AVERSION INEQUALITY DECOMPOSITION INEQUALITY INDEX INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURE INEQUALITY MEASURES INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITIES INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY INHERITANCE INTERGENERATIONAL EARNINGS ELASTICITY INTERGENERATIONAL EARNINGS MOBILITY INTERGENERATIONAL ELASTICITY INTERGENERATIONAL ELASTICITY OF EARNINGS INTERGENERATIONAL INCOME MOBILITY INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS INVERTED-U RELATIONSHIP LABOR FORCE LABOR INCOME LABOR MARKET LIFE EXPECTANCY LINEAR RELATIONSHIP MEAN INCOME MEAN LOG DEVIATION MEAN VALUE MEASURE OF INEQUALITY MEASUREMENT ERROR MEASURES OF INEQUALITY MEASURING INEQUALITY MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES NATIONAL INCOME NEGATIVE CORRELATION NORMATIVE ECONOMICS NUMERICAL VALUE OLIGARCHY OPPORTUNITY SET OPPORTUNITY SETS OUTPUT PER CAPITA OVERALL INEQUALITY PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOME LEVELS PER CAPITA INCOMES PERMANENT INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY VARIABLES POLITICAL CHANNELS POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INEQUALITIES POLITICAL INFLUENCE POLITICAL POWER POOR POPULATION SHARE POSITIVE CORRELATION POVERTY REDUCTION PUBLIC ECONOMICS PUBLIC GOODS SANITATION SKILLED LABOR SOCIAL MOBILITY TOTAL INEQUALITY UNEQUAL OPPORTUNITIES VALUATION WAGES WEALTH WELFARE ECONOMICS WELFARE INDICATORS WELL-BEING WELLBEING Brunori, Paolo Ferreira, Francisco H.G. Peragine, Vito Inequality of Opportunity, Income Inequality and Economic Mobility : Some International Comparisons
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6304
description	Despite a recent surge in the number of studies attempting to measure inequality of opportunity in various countries, methodological differences have so far prevented meaningful international comparisons. This paper presents a comparison of ex-ante measures of inequality of economic opportunity (IEO) across 41 countries, and of the Human Opportunity Index (HOI) for 39 countries. It also examines international correlations between these indices and output per capita, income inequality, and intergenerational mobility. The analysis finds evidence of a "Kuznets curve" for inequality of opportunity, and finds that the IEO index is positively correlated with overall income inequality, and negatively with measures of intergenerational mobility, both in incomes and in years of schooling. The HOI is highly correlated with the Human Development Index, and its internal measure of inequality of opportunity yields very different country rankings from the IEO measure.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Brunori, Paolo Ferreira, Francisco H.G. Peragine, Vito
author_facet	Brunori, Paolo Ferreira, Francisco H.G. Peragine, Vito
author_sort	Brunori, Paolo
title	Inequality of Opportunity, Income Inequality and Economic Mobility : Some International Comparisons
title_short	Inequality of Opportunity, Income Inequality and Economic Mobility : Some International Comparisons
title_full	Inequality of Opportunity, Income Inequality and Economic Mobility : Some International Comparisons
title_fullStr	Inequality of Opportunity, Income Inequality and Economic Mobility : Some International Comparisons
title_full_unstemmed	Inequality of Opportunity, Income Inequality and Economic Mobility : Some International Comparisons
title_sort	inequality of opportunity, income inequality and economic mobility : some international comparisons
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2013
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17150436/inequality-opportunity-income-inequality-economic-mobility-some-international-comparisons http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12193
_version_	1764422191388033024

Inequality of Opportunity, Income Inequality and Economic Mobility : Some International Comparisons

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