Consumer racism: a scale modification

Purpose – Consumer racism describes the act of purchase discrimination based on ethnic and/or cultural differences. As the original consumer racism scale was developed based on a Western context and environment, most of its items may be unsuitable for use in certain non-Western countries. This pa...

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Main Authors:	Abdul Latif, Samshul Amry, Abdul Talib, Asmat Nizam
Format:	Article
Language:	English English
Published:	Emerald Publishing 2017
Subjects:	HF5001 Business. Business Administration HF5410 Marketing. Distribution of products HM Sociology
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/61138/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/61138/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/61138/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/61138/1/Consumer%20racism%20a%20scale%20modification.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/61138/7/61138_Consumer%20racism_scopus.pdf

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recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-611382018-05-18T03:33:09Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/61138/ Consumer racism: a scale modification Abdul Latif, Samshul Amry Abdul Talib, Asmat Nizam HF5001 Business. Business Administration HF5410 Marketing. Distribution of products HM Sociology Purpose – Consumer racism describes the act of purchase discrimination based on ethnic and/or cultural differences. As the original consumer racism scale was developed based on a Western context and environment, most of its items may be unsuitable for use in certain non-Western countries. This paper aims to modify the existing consumer racism scale to include the elements of inter-ethnic relationships, historical occurrences and political situations, which are crucial in shaping and influencing racism in a multi-religion and multi-racial context. Design/methodology/approach – After generating new items and retaining or removing others for a modified consumer racism scale, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed based on 145 respondents followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on 176 respondents. The modified scale, including two other related constructs (consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity), was then tested through structural equation modeling (SEM) using WarpPLS 5.0 and data from 495 respondents. Findings – EFA and CFA results suggest that the modified 8-item consumer racism scale is applicable in a multi-ethnic scenario. However, SEM findings contradict previous studies; thus, discussion of the possible effects of consumer racism is based on two different approaches. Research limitations/implications – Future research could be expanded into other ethnic groups and countries, and/or to different products, categories and brands. Originality/value – The main contributions of this study are the validation of the modified measurement scale and demonstration of its applicability in a multi-ethnic scenario. The study is based on data from a multi-ethnic, multi-religion and multi-cultural country: Malaysia. Keywords: Consumer racism, scale modification, consumer ethnocentrism, consumer animosity, Malaysia, ethnic Malays, ethnic Chinese Paper type: Research paper Emerald Publishing 2017 Article NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/61138/1/Consumer%20racism%20a%20scale%20modification.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/61138/7/61138_Consumer%20racism_scopus.pdf Abdul Latif, Samshul Amry and Abdul Talib, Asmat Nizam (2017) Consumer racism: a scale modification. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 29 (3). pp. 616-633. ISSN 1355-5855 E-ISSN 1758-4248 http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/APJML-02-2016-0026 10.1108/APJML-02-2016-0026
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English
topic	HF5001 Business. Business Administration HF5410 Marketing. Distribution of products HM Sociology
spellingShingle	HF5001 Business. Business Administration HF5410 Marketing. Distribution of products HM Sociology Abdul Latif, Samshul Amry Abdul Talib, Asmat Nizam Consumer racism: a scale modification
description	Purpose – Consumer racism describes the act of purchase discrimination based on ethnic and/or cultural differences. As the original consumer racism scale was developed based on a Western context and environment, most of its items may be unsuitable for use in certain non-Western countries. This paper aims to modify the existing consumer racism scale to include the elements of inter-ethnic relationships, historical occurrences and political situations, which are crucial in shaping and influencing racism in a multi-religion and multi-racial context. Design/methodology/approach – After generating new items and retaining or removing others for a modified consumer racism scale, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed based on 145 respondents followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on 176 respondents. The modified scale, including two other related constructs (consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity), was then tested through structural equation modeling (SEM) using WarpPLS 5.0 and data from 495 respondents. Findings – EFA and CFA results suggest that the modified 8-item consumer racism scale is applicable in a multi-ethnic scenario. However, SEM findings contradict previous studies; thus, discussion of the possible effects of consumer racism is based on two different approaches. Research limitations/implications – Future research could be expanded into other ethnic groups and countries, and/or to different products, categories and brands. Originality/value – The main contributions of this study are the validation of the modified measurement scale and demonstration of its applicability in a multi-ethnic scenario. The study is based on data from a multi-ethnic, multi-religion and multi-cultural country: Malaysia. Keywords: Consumer racism, scale modification, consumer ethnocentrism, consumer animosity, Malaysia, ethnic Malays, ethnic Chinese Paper type: Research paper
format	Article
author	Abdul Latif, Samshul Amry Abdul Talib, Asmat Nizam
author_facet	Abdul Latif, Samshul Amry Abdul Talib, Asmat Nizam
author_sort	Abdul Latif, Samshul Amry
title	Consumer racism: a scale modification
title_short	Consumer racism: a scale modification
title_full	Consumer racism: a scale modification
title_fullStr	Consumer racism: a scale modification
title_full_unstemmed	Consumer racism: a scale modification
title_sort	consumer racism: a scale modification
publisher	Emerald Publishing
publishDate	2017
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/61138/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/61138/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/61138/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/61138/1/Consumer%20racism%20a%20scale%20modification.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/61138/7/61138_Consumer%20racism_scopus.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:26:43Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:26:43Z
_version_	1777412240324952064

Consumer racism: a scale modification

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