Review on invitro amebcyte culture – a lesson learned from past
Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL/TAL) assay is the only standard test approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to quantify bacterial endotoxin in injectable drugs and implantable medical devices. At present, horseshoe crabs are the sole source of LAL/TAL. Biomedical companies harvest and bl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
2015
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/46532/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/46532/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/46532/1/56.pdf |
| Summary: | Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL/TAL) assay is the only standard test approved by the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) to quantify bacterial endotoxin in injectable drugs and implantable medical devices. At present, horseshoe
crabs are the sole source of LAL/TAL. Biomedical companies harvest and bleed horseshoe crabs which lead to ≤30%
post bleeding mortality. The continuity of this practices will eventually deplete wild stock and threat horseshoe crab’s
population. Though, many alternative biosensors were developed to quantify endotoxins, they are not without
limitations and some of them even need LAL/TAL as source detectors. Hence, the LAL/TAL industry in its current form
has ethical, ecological, commercial and technical issues that make it unideal standard test. An alternative method
of culturing amebocyte in tissue culture medium has been addressed in literature since last 4 decades. This paper will
address the issues in amebocyte culture in-vitro based on the published literatures. The paper will also suggest the
best source of amebocyte cells (gill, gill flaps, blood), culture mode (monolayer or suspension), culture media
(Grace's Insect Medium, Leibovitz’s L-15 Medium, Modified Essential medium, Shields and Sang insect medium, TNMFH
Medium, RPMI 1640 medium) and best culture conditions (pH, temperature, osmolarity). This review will also
emphasize on key elements in establishing a cell line for the continuous harvesting of amebocyte in-vitro. |
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