Utilizing ultrasonic energy for reduction of free fatty acids in crude palm oil

Recently, biodiesel production from abundant bio-sources has drawn the attention of the academic and the industrial community. In this study, crude palm oil (CPO) containing 8.7% free fatty acid content (FFA) was used as raw material. Different common types of acid catalysts (sulfuric acid, methanes...

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Main Authors:	Hayyan, Adeeb, Mjalli, Farouq Sabri, Hayyan, Maan, Alnashef, Inas Muen, Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Academic Journals 2012
Subjects:	T Technology (General)
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/25822/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/25822/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/25822/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/25822/1/Hayyan_et_al.%2C_2012-_African_Journal_of_Biotechnology.pdf

id	iium-25822
recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-258222014-07-16T05:19:41Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/25822/ Utilizing ultrasonic energy for reduction of free fatty acids in crude palm oil Hayyan, Adeeb Mjalli, Farouq Sabri Hayyan, Maan Alnashef, Inas Muen Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed T Technology (General) Recently, biodiesel production from abundant bio-sources has drawn the attention of the academic and the industrial community. In this study, crude palm oil (CPO) containing 8.7% free fatty acid content (FFA) was used as raw material. Different common types of acid catalysts (sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid and hydrochloric acid) were optimized to investigate the catalytic activity of each acid in the pre-treatment of CPO by the esterification process. Ultrasonic energy was used for the reduction of FFA in CPO. FFA content was measured at different sonication intervals, and the optimum time was determined. Hydrochloric acid showed the highest catalytic activity in the reduction of FFA content in CPO, as well as in converting FFA to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). From this work, it is reasonable to conclude that there is significant enhancement in the pre-treatment of oils by applying ultrasonic energy using long sonication time. Academic Journals 2012-07-31 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/25822/1/Hayyan_et_al.%2C_2012-_African_Journal_of_Biotechnology.pdf Hayyan, Adeeb and Mjalli, Farouq Sabri and Hayyan, Maan and Alnashef, Inas Muen and Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed (2012) Utilizing ultrasonic energy for reduction of free fatty acids in crude palm oil. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11 (61). pp. 12510-12517. ISSN 1684–5315 http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb/PDF/pdf2012/31Jul/Hayyan%20et%20al.pdf 10.5897/AJB12.1709
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	T Technology (General)
spellingShingle	T Technology (General) Hayyan, Adeeb Mjalli, Farouq Sabri Hayyan, Maan Alnashef, Inas Muen Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed Utilizing ultrasonic energy for reduction of free fatty acids in crude palm oil
description	Recently, biodiesel production from abundant bio-sources has drawn the attention of the academic and the industrial community. In this study, crude palm oil (CPO) containing 8.7% free fatty acid content (FFA) was used as raw material. Different common types of acid catalysts (sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid and hydrochloric acid) were optimized to investigate the catalytic activity of each acid in the pre-treatment of CPO by the esterification process. Ultrasonic energy was used for the reduction of FFA in CPO. FFA content was measured at different sonication intervals, and the optimum time was determined. Hydrochloric acid showed the highest catalytic activity in the reduction of FFA content in CPO, as well as in converting FFA to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). From this work, it is reasonable to conclude that there is significant enhancement in the pre-treatment of oils by applying ultrasonic energy using long sonication time.
format	Article
author	Hayyan, Adeeb Mjalli, Farouq Sabri Hayyan, Maan Alnashef, Inas Muen Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed
author_facet	Hayyan, Adeeb Mjalli, Farouq Sabri Hayyan, Maan Alnashef, Inas Muen Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed
author_sort	Hayyan, Adeeb
title	Utilizing ultrasonic energy for reduction of free fatty acids in crude palm oil
title_short	Utilizing ultrasonic energy for reduction of free fatty acids in crude palm oil
title_full	Utilizing ultrasonic energy for reduction of free fatty acids in crude palm oil
title_fullStr	Utilizing ultrasonic energy for reduction of free fatty acids in crude palm oil
title_full_unstemmed	Utilizing ultrasonic energy for reduction of free fatty acids in crude palm oil
title_sort	utilizing ultrasonic energy for reduction of free fatty acids in crude palm oil
publisher	Academic Journals
publishDate	2012
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/25822/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/25822/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/25822/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/25822/1/Hayyan_et_al.%2C_2012-_African_Journal_of_Biotechnology.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T20:38:29Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T20:38:29Z
_version_	1777409205807874048

Utilizing ultrasonic energy for reduction of free fatty acids in crude palm oil

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