Esterification of free fatty acids in simulated waste oil using novel solid acidic ionic liquid as catalyst

Esterification of free fatty acids in simulated waste oil using novel solid acidic ionic liquid as catalyst

Issues on petroleum-based fuel shortage can be overcome by producing biodiesel fuel-type or also known as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The uses of biodiesel can improve the environmental health and also decrease the worries on the sustainability concerns on world sources of energy (i. e. natural...

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Main Author: Shabirah, Ezan
Format: Undergraduates Project Papers
Language:English
Published: 2014
Subjects:
TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9141/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9141/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9141/1/cd8676.pdf
id ump-9141
recordtype eprints
spelling ump-91412015-10-16T00:05:59Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9141/ Esterification of free fatty acids in simulated waste oil using novel solid acidic ionic liquid as catalyst Shabirah, Ezan TP Chemical technology Issues on petroleum-based fuel shortage can be overcome by producing biodiesel fuel-type or also known as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The uses of biodiesel can improve the environmental health and also decrease the worries on the sustainability concerns on world sources of energy (i. e. natural gases). In this study waste cooking oil (WCO); a non-edible type of feedstock was used due to its availability and low cost. Nevertheless, WCO basically has high free fatty acids (FFAs) content which is in the range of 6-15%. Therefore, the study on the esterification of FFAs in a feedstock (WCO) using novel solid acidic ionic liquid as catalyst is carried out to lower the free fatty acid in the WCO. In this case, the use of heterogenous type of acid catalyst is more preferable in the esterification process due to its efficiency. The Bronsted acid ionic liquids (ILs) triethylammonium hydrogen sulphate (Et3NHSO4) is chosen to immobilize with solid support, divinylbenzene (DVB) polymer so that it will make separation process smoother and can increase its reusability as a catalyst. The novel solid acidic ionic liquid polymer has been synthesized based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR), Elemental Analysis CHNSO and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The NMR spectroscopic data for the IL sample was: 1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) (ppm): δ 1.08-1.11 (triplet, 0.28H), 1.20-1.23 (triplet, 9.04H), 2.06 (singlet, 0.11H), 2.10 (singlet, 0.03H), 3.09-3.14 (sextet, 6.15H), 3.38-3.4 (doublet, 0.1H), 8.95 (singlet, 1H), 11.00 (singlet, 3.19H). The esterification of the FFA of the WCO was carried out using Et3NHSO4 as the catalyst in the first stage at the optimum reaction condition of 60°C reaction temperature, 5 wt % catalysts loading and 6:1 methanol to WCO molar ratio for three hours of reaction time. The novel solid acidic ionic liquid, Et3NHSO4 supported with DVB display good performance by showing 75.94 % FFA conversion. It was expected that the recycled catalyst will display the same properties with the fresh catalyst due to its properties that can ease the separation process from the reaction mixture. However, the FTIR result shows the difference of IR spectrum data obtained for the fresh catalyst and spent catalyst which indicates that the catalyst was fully separate from the mixture. 2014-07 Undergraduates Project Papers NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9141/1/cd8676.pdf Shabirah, Ezan (2014) Esterification of free fatty acids in simulated waste oil using novel solid acidic ionic liquid as catalyst. Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang. http://iportal.ump.edu.my/lib/item?id=chamo:84818&theme=UMP2
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Local University
institution Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building UMP Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
language English
topic TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
Shabirah, Ezan
Esterification of free fatty acids in simulated waste oil using novel solid acidic ionic liquid as catalyst
description Issues on petroleum-based fuel shortage can be overcome by producing biodiesel fuel-type or also known as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The uses of biodiesel can improve the environmental health and also decrease the worries on the sustainability concerns on world sources of energy (i. e. natural gases). In this study waste cooking oil (WCO); a non-edible type of feedstock was used due to its availability and low cost. Nevertheless, WCO basically has high free fatty acids (FFAs) content which is in the range of 6-15%. Therefore, the study on the esterification of FFAs in a feedstock (WCO) using novel solid acidic ionic liquid as catalyst is carried out to lower the free fatty acid in the WCO. In this case, the use of heterogenous type of acid catalyst is more preferable in the esterification process due to its efficiency. The Bronsted acid ionic liquids (ILs) triethylammonium hydrogen sulphate (Et3NHSO4) is chosen to immobilize with solid support, divinylbenzene (DVB) polymer so that it will make separation process smoother and can increase its reusability as a catalyst. The novel solid acidic ionic liquid polymer has been synthesized based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR), Elemental Analysis CHNSO and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The NMR spectroscopic data for the IL sample was: 1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) (ppm): δ 1.08-1.11 (triplet, 0.28H), 1.20-1.23 (triplet, 9.04H), 2.06 (singlet, 0.11H), 2.10 (singlet, 0.03H), 3.09-3.14 (sextet, 6.15H), 3.38-3.4 (doublet, 0.1H), 8.95 (singlet, 1H), 11.00 (singlet, 3.19H). The esterification of the FFA of the WCO was carried out using Et3NHSO4 as the catalyst in the first stage at the optimum reaction condition of 60°C reaction temperature, 5 wt % catalysts loading and 6:1 methanol to WCO molar ratio for three hours of reaction time. The novel solid acidic ionic liquid, Et3NHSO4 supported with DVB display good performance by showing 75.94 % FFA conversion. It was expected that the recycled catalyst will display the same properties with the fresh catalyst due to its properties that can ease the separation process from the reaction mixture. However, the FTIR result shows the difference of IR spectrum data obtained for the fresh catalyst and spent catalyst which indicates that the catalyst was fully separate from the mixture.
format Undergraduates Project Papers
author Shabirah, Ezan
author_facet Shabirah, Ezan
author_sort Shabirah, Ezan
title Esterification of free fatty acids in simulated waste oil using novel solid acidic ionic liquid as catalyst
title_short Esterification of free fatty acids in simulated waste oil using novel solid acidic ionic liquid as catalyst
title_full Esterification of free fatty acids in simulated waste oil using novel solid acidic ionic liquid as catalyst
title_fullStr Esterification of free fatty acids in simulated waste oil using novel solid acidic ionic liquid as catalyst
title_full_unstemmed Esterification of free fatty acids in simulated waste oil using novel solid acidic ionic liquid as catalyst
title_sort esterification of free fatty acids in simulated waste oil using novel solid acidic ionic liquid as catalyst
publishDate 2014
url http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9141/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9141/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9141/1/cd8676.pdf
first_indexed 2023-09-18T22:07:24Z
last_indexed 2023-09-18T22:07:24Z
_version_ 1777414799884288000

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