Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of palladium supported on bleaching clay

Bleaching clay (BC) is one example of phyllosilicate clay that consists of two tetrahedral sheets sandwiching a central octahedral sheet. Palladium (Pd) is proposed to adsorb on the layers of BC by adsorption process to form the palladium supported in bleaching clay (Pd-BC) structure. The layer stru...

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Main Author:	Amirul Edham, Roslee
Format:	Undergraduates Project Papers
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	QE Geology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/7783/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/7783/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/7783/1/AMIRUL_EDHAM_BIN_ROSLEE.PDF

id	ump-7783
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-77832016-04-20T03:30:09Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/7783/ Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of palladium supported on bleaching clay Amirul Edham, Roslee QE Geology Bleaching clay (BC) is one example of phyllosilicate clay that consists of two tetrahedral sheets sandwiching a central octahedral sheet. Palladium (Pd) is proposed to adsorb on the layers of BC by adsorption process to form the palladium supported in bleaching clay (Pd-BC) structure. The layer structure of BC with the ability of exchangable cation allowed the adsorption process of Pd. In this research, pretreatment of BC involved the acid content analysis using ion chromatography (IC) and acid-base titration, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine its physical and chemical characteristics. The adsorption process is done by adding PdC1 2 solution of variable Pd contents (1, 2, 3 % w/w) into BC-ethanol suspension and stirred for 4 hours, before the mixture is filtered, washed three times with distilled water and dried at room temperature. The characterization with X-ray diffraction (XRD) is meant to study layer spacings, while N 2 sorption is to obtain surface areas and pore structure. The hydrogenation process of palm oil was performed using Pd-BC as catalyst in order to test the catalytic activity of Pd-BC. The catalyst is dissolved in isopropanol before the mixture is bubbled with H 2 gas for 60 minutes, then palm oil is added at room temperature and the hydrogenation process is continued for another 90 minutes. After that the hydrogenated palm oil is extracted with hexane and esterified with methanol in NaOH before the product is analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) to determine the percentage of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The acid-base titration and IC analysis of BC revealed that BC sample has about 1.26 to 1.8213 % w/w of sulphuric acid, while FTIR and TGA confirmed the presence of clay mineral in BC and its thermal process. The adsorption process with different Pd contents varied the distribution of Pd cations between the layers of BC and its adsorption capacity. Pd-BC samples have smaller surface area, but larger layer spacing than BC. Pd-BC samples are achieved for catalytic hydrogenation of palm oil and cause lower percentage of C18:2 FAME through higher percentage of C18:0 and C18:1 FAMEs. 2012-01 Undergraduates Project Papers NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/7783/1/AMIRUL_EDHAM_BIN_ROSLEE.PDF Amirul Edham, Roslee (2012) Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of palladium supported on bleaching clay. Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang. http://iportal.ump.edu.my/lib/item?id=chamo:76198&theme=UMP2
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	QE Geology
spellingShingle	QE Geology Amirul Edham, Roslee Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of palladium supported on bleaching clay
description	Bleaching clay (BC) is one example of phyllosilicate clay that consists of two tetrahedral sheets sandwiching a central octahedral sheet. Palladium (Pd) is proposed to adsorb on the layers of BC by adsorption process to form the palladium supported in bleaching clay (Pd-BC) structure. The layer structure of BC with the ability of exchangable cation allowed the adsorption process of Pd. In this research, pretreatment of BC involved the acid content analysis using ion chromatography (IC) and acid-base titration, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine its physical and chemical characteristics. The adsorption process is done by adding PdC1 2 solution of variable Pd contents (1, 2, 3 % w/w) into BC-ethanol suspension and stirred for 4 hours, before the mixture is filtered, washed three times with distilled water and dried at room temperature. The characterization with X-ray diffraction (XRD) is meant to study layer spacings, while N 2 sorption is to obtain surface areas and pore structure. The hydrogenation process of palm oil was performed using Pd-BC as catalyst in order to test the catalytic activity of Pd-BC. The catalyst is dissolved in isopropanol before the mixture is bubbled with H 2 gas for 60 minutes, then palm oil is added at room temperature and the hydrogenation process is continued for another 90 minutes. After that the hydrogenated palm oil is extracted with hexane and esterified with methanol in NaOH before the product is analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) to determine the percentage of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The acid-base titration and IC analysis of BC revealed that BC sample has about 1.26 to 1.8213 % w/w of sulphuric acid, while FTIR and TGA confirmed the presence of clay mineral in BC and its thermal process. The adsorption process with different Pd contents varied the distribution of Pd cations between the layers of BC and its adsorption capacity. Pd-BC samples have smaller surface area, but larger layer spacing than BC. Pd-BC samples are achieved for catalytic hydrogenation of palm oil and cause lower percentage of C18:2 FAME through higher percentage of C18:0 and C18:1 FAMEs.
format	Undergraduates Project Papers
author	Amirul Edham, Roslee
author_facet	Amirul Edham, Roslee
author_sort	Amirul Edham, Roslee
title	Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of palladium supported on bleaching clay
title_short	Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of palladium supported on bleaching clay
title_full	Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of palladium supported on bleaching clay
title_fullStr	Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of palladium supported on bleaching clay
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of palladium supported on bleaching clay
title_sort	synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of palladium supported on bleaching clay
publishDate	2012
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/7783/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/7783/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/7783/1/AMIRUL_EDHAM_BIN_ROSLEE.PDF
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:04:46Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:04:46Z
_version_	1777414634180968448

Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of palladium supported on bleaching clay

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