Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using a Limestone Based Catalyst

This paper presents the potential of limestone based catalyst for transesterification of high free fatty acid (FFA) rubber seed oil (RSO). Pre-calcinated limestone known as clinker was activated using methanol and transesterification was performed under reflux with constant stirring. Mineral composi...

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Main Authors:	Jolius, Gimbun, Ali, Shahid, Chitra Charan, Suri Charan Kanwal, Liyana, Amer Shah
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Scientific Research Publishing 2012
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6769/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6769/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6769/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6769/1/Biodiesel_Production_from_Rubber_Seed_Oil_Using_A_Limestone_Based_Catalyst.pdf

id	ump-6769
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-67692019-04-16T04:06:39Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6769/ Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using a Limestone Based Catalyst Jolius, Gimbun Ali, Shahid Chitra Charan, Suri Charan Kanwal Liyana, Amer Shah QD Chemistry This paper presents the potential of limestone based catalyst for transesterification of high free fatty acid (FFA) rubber seed oil (RSO). Pre-calcinated limestone known as clinker was activated using methanol and transesterification was performed under reflux with constant stirring. Mineral composition of the catalyst was analysed using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) with in build x-ray diffrac-tion (XRD). The rubber seed oil was obtained using both microwave and soxhlet extraction using hexane as solvent. FFA content and fatty acid methyl ester content were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed an effi-cient conversion (up to 96.9%) of high FFA rubber seed oil to biodiesel. The results suggest that the catalyst employed in this work is not negatively affected by moisture and free fatty acids and can be recycled very easily without significant loss in its activity. The highest conversion of 96.9% was achieved from catalyst activated at 700°C, with catalyst loading of 5 wt. %; methanol to oil molar ratio of 5:1; reaction temperature of 65°C and reaction time of 4 hours. The biodiesel produced in this work is within the limits of specification described by American standard test method (ASTM D6751). Scientific Research Publishing 2012 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6769/1/Biodiesel_Production_from_Rubber_Seed_Oil_Using_A_Limestone_Based_Catalyst.pdf Jolius, Gimbun and Ali, Shahid and Chitra Charan, Suri Charan Kanwal and Liyana, Amer Shah (2012) Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using a Limestone Based Catalyst. Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry, 2. pp. 138-141. ISSN 2162-531X (print); 2162-5328 (online) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ampc.2012.24B036 DOI: 10.4236/ampc.2012.24B036
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Jolius, Gimbun Ali, Shahid Chitra Charan, Suri Charan Kanwal Liyana, Amer Shah Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using a Limestone Based Catalyst
description	This paper presents the potential of limestone based catalyst for transesterification of high free fatty acid (FFA) rubber seed oil (RSO). Pre-calcinated limestone known as clinker was activated using methanol and transesterification was performed under reflux with constant stirring. Mineral composition of the catalyst was analysed using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) with in build x-ray diffrac-tion (XRD). The rubber seed oil was obtained using both microwave and soxhlet extraction using hexane as solvent. FFA content and fatty acid methyl ester content were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed an effi-cient conversion (up to 96.9%) of high FFA rubber seed oil to biodiesel. The results suggest that the catalyst employed in this work is not negatively affected by moisture and free fatty acids and can be recycled very easily without significant loss in its activity. The highest conversion of 96.9% was achieved from catalyst activated at 700°C, with catalyst loading of 5 wt. %; methanol to oil molar ratio of 5:1; reaction temperature of 65°C and reaction time of 4 hours. The biodiesel produced in this work is within the limits of specification described by American standard test method (ASTM D6751).
format	Article
author	Jolius, Gimbun Ali, Shahid Chitra Charan, Suri Charan Kanwal Liyana, Amer Shah
author_facet	Jolius, Gimbun Ali, Shahid Chitra Charan, Suri Charan Kanwal Liyana, Amer Shah
author_sort	Jolius, Gimbun
title	Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using a Limestone Based Catalyst
title_short	Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using a Limestone Based Catalyst
title_full	Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using a Limestone Based Catalyst
title_fullStr	Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using a Limestone Based Catalyst
title_full_unstemmed	Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using a Limestone Based Catalyst
title_sort	biodiesel production from rubber seed oil using a limestone based catalyst
publisher	Scientific Research Publishing
publishDate	2012
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6769/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6769/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6769/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6769/1/Biodiesel_Production_from_Rubber_Seed_Oil_Using_A_Limestone_Based_Catalyst.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:02:50Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:02:50Z
_version_	1777414512380477440

Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using a Limestone Based Catalyst

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