Impact-absorbing Materials in Reducing Brain Vibration Caused by Ball-to-head Impact in Soccer

There has been a long debate among researchers on whether soccer heading is capable of causing brain trauma. A recent study suggests that headings exceeding a threshold level of 855 to 1,550 per year, results in microstructural abnormalities in the brain's white matter. This shows that brain tr...

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Main Authors:	Zahari, Taha, Mohd Hasnun Ariff, Hassan, Hasanuddin, Iskandar, Mohd Azri, Aris, Anwar, P. P. A. Majeed
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Ltd 2014
Subjects:	RA Public aspects of medicine
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6640/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6640/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6640/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6640/1/fkp-2014-zahari-Impact-absorbing_materials.pdf

id	ump-6640
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-66402018-09-25T08:22:02Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6640/ Impact-absorbing Materials in Reducing Brain Vibration Caused by Ball-to-head Impact in Soccer Zahari, Taha Mohd Hasnun Ariff, Hassan Hasanuddin, Iskandar Mohd Azri, Aris Anwar, P. P. A. Majeed RA Public aspects of medicine There has been a long debate among researchers on whether soccer heading is capable of causing brain trauma. A recent study suggests that headings exceeding a threshold level of 855 to 1,550 per year, results in microstructural abnormalities in the brain's white matter. This shows that brain trauma is caused by cumulative effect of repetitive headings. The use of protective headgear is one of the suggested preventive measures to protect the brain especially for younger players. Researchers have tested several commercial headgears and found that they are only effective in head-to-head impact, but ineffective in attenuating impact caused by heading. This is due to the fact that soccer ball is compliant in nature relative to the head. The aim of this study is to investigate materials that can be utilised to minimise the acceleration of the brain caused by soccer heading. A vertical drop ball test was conducted on an instrumented dummy skull. The inner cavity of the skull is filled with ultrasound gel that represents the brain. Six impact-absorbing materials were tested to determine the most effective material that reduces the acceleration of the brain substitute. The speed of the ball before and after impact as well as impact duration were measured using high-speed camera. Coefficient of restitution was calculated to ensure the material is not only capable of reducing the brain acceleration, but also maintains heading performance. It was found that polymer kneepad foam is the most effective material that minimises the acceleration of brain substitute whilst maintaining the speed of the ball after impact. Elsevier Ltd 2014 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en cc_by_nc_nd http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6640/1/fkp-2014-zahari-Impact-absorbing_materials.pdf Zahari, Taha and Mohd Hasnun Ariff, Hassan and Hasanuddin, Iskandar and Mohd Azri, Aris and Anwar, P. P. A. Majeed (2014) Impact-absorbing Materials in Reducing Brain Vibration Caused by Ball-to-head Impact in Soccer. Procedia Engineering: The Engineering of Sport 10, 72. pp. 515-520. ISSN 1877-7058 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.088 DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.088
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	RA Public aspects of medicine
spellingShingle	RA Public aspects of medicine Zahari, Taha Mohd Hasnun Ariff, Hassan Hasanuddin, Iskandar Mohd Azri, Aris Anwar, P. P. A. Majeed Impact-absorbing Materials in Reducing Brain Vibration Caused by Ball-to-head Impact in Soccer
description	There has been a long debate among researchers on whether soccer heading is capable of causing brain trauma. A recent study suggests that headings exceeding a threshold level of 855 to 1,550 per year, results in microstructural abnormalities in the brain's white matter. This shows that brain trauma is caused by cumulative effect of repetitive headings. The use of protective headgear is one of the suggested preventive measures to protect the brain especially for younger players. Researchers have tested several commercial headgears and found that they are only effective in head-to-head impact, but ineffective in attenuating impact caused by heading. This is due to the fact that soccer ball is compliant in nature relative to the head. The aim of this study is to investigate materials that can be utilised to minimise the acceleration of the brain caused by soccer heading. A vertical drop ball test was conducted on an instrumented dummy skull. The inner cavity of the skull is filled with ultrasound gel that represents the brain. Six impact-absorbing materials were tested to determine the most effective material that reduces the acceleration of the brain substitute. The speed of the ball before and after impact as well as impact duration were measured using high-speed camera. Coefficient of restitution was calculated to ensure the material is not only capable of reducing the brain acceleration, but also maintains heading performance. It was found that polymer kneepad foam is the most effective material that minimises the acceleration of brain substitute whilst maintaining the speed of the ball after impact.
format	Article
author	Zahari, Taha Mohd Hasnun Ariff, Hassan Hasanuddin, Iskandar Mohd Azri, Aris Anwar, P. P. A. Majeed
author_facet	Zahari, Taha Mohd Hasnun Ariff, Hassan Hasanuddin, Iskandar Mohd Azri, Aris Anwar, P. P. A. Majeed
author_sort	Zahari, Taha
title	Impact-absorbing Materials in Reducing Brain Vibration Caused by Ball-to-head Impact in Soccer
title_short	Impact-absorbing Materials in Reducing Brain Vibration Caused by Ball-to-head Impact in Soccer
title_full	Impact-absorbing Materials in Reducing Brain Vibration Caused by Ball-to-head Impact in Soccer
title_fullStr	Impact-absorbing Materials in Reducing Brain Vibration Caused by Ball-to-head Impact in Soccer
title_full_unstemmed	Impact-absorbing Materials in Reducing Brain Vibration Caused by Ball-to-head Impact in Soccer
title_sort	impact-absorbing materials in reducing brain vibration caused by ball-to-head impact in soccer
publisher	Elsevier Ltd
publishDate	2014
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6640/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6640/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6640/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6640/1/fkp-2014-zahari-Impact-absorbing_materials.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:02:36Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:02:36Z
_version_	1777414497829388288

Impact-absorbing Materials in Reducing Brain Vibration Caused by Ball-to-head Impact in Soccer

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