Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat

The use of waste oils/fats, as well as catalysts from waste materials, for producing biodiesel via transesteriﬁcation have been of recent interest. As such, in the present work, the transesteriﬁcation of chicken fat using crab and cockle shells as a catalyst was attempted. X-ray diffraction (XRD) an...

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Main Authors:	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam, Boey, Peng Lim, Shafida, Abd Hamid, Mohamed Hag Ali, Dafaalla
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Springer 2012
Subjects:	Q Science (General) TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4185/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4185/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4185/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4185/1/fist-2012-gaanty-crab_and_cockle_abs_only.pdf

id	ump-4185
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-41852017-09-15T02:32:46Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4185/ Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Boey, Peng Lim Shafida, Abd Hamid Mohamed Hag Ali, Dafaalla Q Science (General) TP Chemical technology The use of waste oils/fats, as well as catalysts from waste materials, for producing biodiesel via transesteriﬁcation have been of recent interest. As such, in the present work, the transesteriﬁcation of chicken fat using crab and cockle shells as a catalyst was attempted. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) results show that, upon thermal activation, both shells transformed into CaO, the active ingredient that catalyzes the reaction. In addition, the catalytic performance of individual shells as well as the combination of both shells in various ratios was similar. Under the optimal reaction conditions of 4.9 wt% catalyst amount and 0.55:1 methanol to oil mass ratio, methyl esters conversion above 98% was achieved in 3 h. The chicken fat methyl esters that were produced were found to meet several key speciﬁcations of biodiesel based on EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 test procedures. Springer 2012-02 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4185/1/fist-2012-gaanty-crab_and_cockle_abs_only.pdf Gaanty Pragas, Maniam and Boey, Peng Lim and Shafida, Abd Hamid and Mohamed Hag Ali, Dafaalla (2012) Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 88 (Issue ). pp. 283-288. ISSN 0003-021X (Print), 1558-9331 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-010-1660-4 DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1660-4
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	Q Science (General) TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) TP Chemical technology Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Boey, Peng Lim Shafida, Abd Hamid Mohamed Hag Ali, Dafaalla Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat
description	The use of waste oils/fats, as well as catalysts from waste materials, for producing biodiesel via transesteriﬁcation have been of recent interest. As such, in the present work, the transesteriﬁcation of chicken fat using crab and cockle shells as a catalyst was attempted. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) results show that, upon thermal activation, both shells transformed into CaO, the active ingredient that catalyzes the reaction. In addition, the catalytic performance of individual shells as well as the combination of both shells in various ratios was similar. Under the optimal reaction conditions of 4.9 wt% catalyst amount and 0.55:1 methanol to oil mass ratio, methyl esters conversion above 98% was achieved in 3 h. The chicken fat methyl esters that were produced were found to meet several key speciﬁcations of biodiesel based on EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 test procedures.
format	Article
author	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Boey, Peng Lim Shafida, Abd Hamid Mohamed Hag Ali, Dafaalla
author_facet	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Boey, Peng Lim Shafida, Abd Hamid Mohamed Hag Ali, Dafaalla
author_sort	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam
title	Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat
title_short	Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat
title_full	Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat
title_fullStr	Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat
title_full_unstemmed	Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat
title_sort	crab and cockle shells as catalysts for the preparation of methyl esters from low free fatty acid chicken fat
publisher	Springer
publishDate	2012
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4185/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4185/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4185/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4185/1/fist-2012-gaanty-crab_and_cockle_abs_only.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:58:39Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:58:39Z
_version_	1777414249260253184

Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat

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