A New Catalyst System in Transesterification of Palm Olein: Tolerance of Water and Free Fatty Acids
Boiler ash (BA) from oil palm empty fruit bunches used as pseudo-homogeneous base catalyst to transesterify palm olein at mild reaction conditions (3 wt.% BA dried at 105 C, 2 h; 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio at methanol refluxing temperature in 0.5 h) yielded 90% methyl esters. However, the cata...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2012
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4090/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4090/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4090/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4090/1/fist-2012-gaanty-new_catalyst_system_abs_only.pdf |