A New Catalyst System in Transesterification of Palm Olein: Tolerance of Water and Free Fatty Acids

Boiler ash (BA) from oil palm empty fruit bunches used as pseudo-homogeneous base catalyst to transesterify palm olein at mild reaction conditions (3 wt.% BA dried at 105 C, 2 h; 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio at methanol refluxing temperature in 0.5 h) yielded 90% methyl esters. However, the cata...

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Main Authors:	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam, Shangeetha, Ganesan, Boey, Peng Lim, Melati, Khairuddean, Sau-Lai, Lim
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier 2012
Subjects:	Q Science (General) TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4090/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4090/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4090/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4090/1/fist-2012-gaanty-new_catalyst_system_abs_only.pdf

id	ump-4090
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-40902017-09-15T02:32:23Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4090/ A New Catalyst System in Transesterification of Palm Olein: Tolerance of Water and Free Fatty Acids Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Shangeetha, Ganesan Boey, Peng Lim Melati, Khairuddean Sau-Lai, Lim Q Science (General) TP Chemical technology Boiler ash (BA) from oil palm empty fruit bunches used as pseudo-homogeneous base catalyst to transesterify palm olein at mild reaction conditions (3 wt.% BA dried at 105 C, 2 h; 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio at methanol refluxing temperature in 0.5 h) yielded 90% methyl esters. However, the catalyst showed low water (0 wt.%) and FFA (1 wt.%) tolerance. Laboratory calcium oxide (Lab CaO, calcined at 900 C, 2 h) was used as a drying agent and to enhance the FFA tolerance of BA. Transesterification with Lab CaO (5 wt.% Lab-CaO; 13:1 methanol to oil molar ratio) exhibited good tolerance towards 3 wt.% water and 4 wt.% FFA but only 67% methyl esters were produced in 0.5 h. A mixture of BA-Lab CaO (stoichiometric ratio for Ca(OH)2 formation) catalyzed transesterification yielded 95% methyl esters in 0.5 h and with higher water (3 wt.%) and FFA (4 wt.%) tolerance. Elsevier 2012-04 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4090/1/fist-2012-gaanty-new_catalyst_system_abs_only.pdf Gaanty Pragas, Maniam and Shangeetha, Ganesan and Boey, Peng Lim and Melati, Khairuddean and Sau-Lai, Lim (2012) A New Catalyst System in Transesterification of Palm Olein: Tolerance of Water and Free Fatty Acids. Energy Conversion and Management, 56 . pp. 46-52. ISSN 0196-8904 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2011.11.015 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2011.11.015
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	Q Science (General) TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) TP Chemical technology Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Shangeetha, Ganesan Boey, Peng Lim Melati, Khairuddean Sau-Lai, Lim A New Catalyst System in Transesterification of Palm Olein: Tolerance of Water and Free Fatty Acids
description	Boiler ash (BA) from oil palm empty fruit bunches used as pseudo-homogeneous base catalyst to transesterify palm olein at mild reaction conditions (3 wt.% BA dried at 105 C, 2 h; 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio at methanol refluxing temperature in 0.5 h) yielded 90% methyl esters. However, the catalyst showed low water (0 wt.%) and FFA (1 wt.%) tolerance. Laboratory calcium oxide (Lab CaO, calcined at 900 C, 2 h) was used as a drying agent and to enhance the FFA tolerance of BA. Transesterification with Lab CaO (5 wt.% Lab-CaO; 13:1 methanol to oil molar ratio) exhibited good tolerance towards 3 wt.% water and 4 wt.% FFA but only 67% methyl esters were produced in 0.5 h. A mixture of BA-Lab CaO (stoichiometric ratio for Ca(OH)2 formation) catalyzed transesterification yielded 95% methyl esters in 0.5 h and with higher water (3 wt.%) and FFA (4 wt.%) tolerance.
format	Article
author	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Shangeetha, Ganesan Boey, Peng Lim Melati, Khairuddean Sau-Lai, Lim
author_facet	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Shangeetha, Ganesan Boey, Peng Lim Melati, Khairuddean Sau-Lai, Lim
author_sort	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam
title	A New Catalyst System in Transesterification of Palm Olein: Tolerance of Water and Free Fatty Acids
title_short	A New Catalyst System in Transesterification of Palm Olein: Tolerance of Water and Free Fatty Acids
title_full	A New Catalyst System in Transesterification of Palm Olein: Tolerance of Water and Free Fatty Acids
title_fullStr	A New Catalyst System in Transesterification of Palm Olein: Tolerance of Water and Free Fatty Acids
title_full_unstemmed	A New Catalyst System in Transesterification of Palm Olein: Tolerance of Water and Free Fatty Acids
title_sort	new catalyst system in transesterification of palm olein: tolerance of water and free fatty acids
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2012
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4090/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4090/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4090/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4090/1/fist-2012-gaanty-new_catalyst_system_abs_only.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:58:36Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:58:36Z
_version_	1777414246384009216

A New Catalyst System in Transesterification of Palm Olein: Tolerance of Water and Free Fatty Acids

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