A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst System for Esterification of Free Fatty Acids Into Methyl Esters

A new heterogeneous acid catalyst system for production of environmentally friendly fuel, biodiesel was created from ferric sulfate and non-toxic, inexpensive source of biopolymer, sodium alginate. The catalyst, in the form of ferric-alginate beads produced from the reaction of 2 wt.% sodium alginat...

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Main Authors:	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam, Boey, Peng Lim, Shangeetha, Ganesan, Melati, Khairuddean, Lee, Siew Ee
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier 2012
Subjects:	Q Science (General)
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4088/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4088/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4088/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4088/1/fist-2012-gaanty-new_heterogeneous_acid_abs_only.pdf

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spelling	ump-40882017-09-15T02:31:42Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4088/ A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst System for Esterification of Free Fatty Acids Into Methyl Esters Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Boey, Peng Lim Shangeetha, Ganesan Melati, Khairuddean Lee, Siew Ee Q Science (General) A new heterogeneous acid catalyst system for production of environmentally friendly fuel, biodiesel was created from ferric sulfate and non-toxic, inexpensive source of biopolymer, sodium alginate. The catalyst, in the form of ferric-alginate beads produced from the reaction of 2 wt.% sodium alginate gel with 0.1Mferric sulfate solution gave excellent methyl ester conversion of 98% with mild reaction conditions.The esterification of 0.5 g lauric acid was carried out at optimum conditions; 16 wt.% of ferric-alginate beads (2.8 wt.% Fe) methanol refluxing temperature, 15:1 methanol to lauric acid molar ratio for 3 h. The ferric-alginate beads were reusable up to 7 times without any pre-treatment. Characterization of the ferric-alginate beads showed the formation of FeOOH that held the alginate chain in place. Thermal analysis showed that the beads are able to withstand the refluxing temperature without degradation. Iron content was found to be 0.175 g Fe/g beads as determined by AAS and 0.189 g Fe/g beads as determined by TGA. Easy catalyst separation, reusability and ability of the ferric-alginate beads to esterify lauric acid to give high conversion of methyl laurate makes this catalyst desirable for biodiesel production from high free fatty acid oils. Elsevier 2012-08-08 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4088/1/fist-2012-gaanty-new_heterogeneous_acid_abs_only.pdf Gaanty Pragas, Maniam and Boey, Peng Lim and Shangeetha, Ganesan and Melati, Khairuddean and Lee, Siew Ee (2012) A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst System for Esterification of Free Fatty Acids Into Methyl Esters. Applied Catalysis A: General, 433–43. pp. 12-17. ISSN 0926-860X http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2012.04.036 DOI: 10.1016/j.apcata.2012.04.03
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	Q Science (General)
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Boey, Peng Lim Shangeetha, Ganesan Melati, Khairuddean Lee, Siew Ee A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst System for Esterification of Free Fatty Acids Into Methyl Esters
description	A new heterogeneous acid catalyst system for production of environmentally friendly fuel, biodiesel was created from ferric sulfate and non-toxic, inexpensive source of biopolymer, sodium alginate. The catalyst, in the form of ferric-alginate beads produced from the reaction of 2 wt.% sodium alginate gel with 0.1Mferric sulfate solution gave excellent methyl ester conversion of 98% with mild reaction conditions.The esterification of 0.5 g lauric acid was carried out at optimum conditions; 16 wt.% of ferric-alginate beads (2.8 wt.% Fe) methanol refluxing temperature, 15:1 methanol to lauric acid molar ratio for 3 h. The ferric-alginate beads were reusable up to 7 times without any pre-treatment. Characterization of the ferric-alginate beads showed the formation of FeOOH that held the alginate chain in place. Thermal analysis showed that the beads are able to withstand the refluxing temperature without degradation. Iron content was found to be 0.175 g Fe/g beads as determined by AAS and 0.189 g Fe/g beads as determined by TGA. Easy catalyst separation, reusability and ability of the ferric-alginate beads to esterify lauric acid to give high conversion of methyl laurate makes this catalyst desirable for biodiesel production from high free fatty acid oils.
format	Article
author	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Boey, Peng Lim Shangeetha, Ganesan Melati, Khairuddean Lee, Siew Ee
author_facet	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Boey, Peng Lim Shangeetha, Ganesan Melati, Khairuddean Lee, Siew Ee
author_sort	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam
title	A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst System for Esterification of Free Fatty Acids Into Methyl Esters
title_short	A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst System for Esterification of Free Fatty Acids Into Methyl Esters
title_full	A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst System for Esterification of Free Fatty Acids Into Methyl Esters
title_fullStr	A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst System for Esterification of Free Fatty Acids Into Methyl Esters
title_full_unstemmed	A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst System for Esterification of Free Fatty Acids Into Methyl Esters
title_sort	new heterogeneous acid catalyst system for esterification of free fatty acids into methyl esters
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2012
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4088/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4088/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4088/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4088/1/fist-2012-gaanty-new_heterogeneous_acid_abs_only.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:58:36Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:58:36Z
_version_	1777414246075727872

A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst System for Esterification of Free Fatty Acids Into Methyl Esters

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