Evaluation of heterogeneous quaternary ammonium catalyst for transesterification of trigycerides

Biodiesel is a mixture of an alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids produced by transesterification of triglycerides with lower alcohols such as methanol, in the presence of acid or base catalysts. Nearly all biodiesel processes use mogeneous base catalysts that cannot be recovered and necessitate ne...

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Main Author:	Wan Mohd Hafizuddin, Wan Yussof
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/3300/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/3300/1/WAN_MOHD_HAFIZUDDIN_WAN_YUSOF.PDF

id	ump-3300
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-33002017-08-22T04:48:57Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/3300/ Evaluation of heterogeneous quaternary ammonium catalyst for transesterification of trigycerides Wan Mohd Hafizuddin, Wan Yussof TP Chemical technology Biodiesel is a mixture of an alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids produced by transesterification of triglycerides with lower alcohols such as methanol, in the presence of acid or base catalysts. Nearly all biodiesel processes use mogeneous base catalysts that cannot be recovered and necessitate neutralisation of the glycerol-rich phase (a byproduct of the reaction). This increases the number of downstream separation steps, thereby increasing the capital cost of biodiesel production processes. Replacing liquid homogeneous catalysts with solid heterogeneous catalysts can intensify the process, by reducing the total number of process steps, eliminate or reduce waste streams and result in lower production costs, as the catalyst will not have to be continually replaced.Strong anion exchange resins with QNOH, have the potential to be developed and employed as heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification, as they are chemically stable to leaching of the functional group. In this present work, nine different synthesized anion exchange resins (SIER1-9) were prepared by suspension polymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride-divinylbenzene (VBC-DVB) copolymers in the presence of nheptane as a pore-forming agent. These SIERs were evaluated as catalysts for transesterification of triacetin. It was found that the "SIER-6" catalyst prepared with the highest dilution degree (200%) and the lowest DVB content (10% DVB), achieved the highest triacetin conversion (95.6% after 4h). This catalyst had the highest true pore volume (0.89 cm 3 /g) and surface area (398.8 m 2 /g). In contrast, the "SIER-7" catalyst synthesized with the lowest dilution degree (50%), but highest DVB content 40%),resulted in the lowest triacetin conversion at 64.3%. Although there is a siderable improvement in the physicochemical properties of the IERs, such as surface area, 'true pore' volume and diameter, transesterification using rapeseed oil was rather poor with only 16 wt. % of FAME obtained over SIER-6 after 6h reaction. 2012-03 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/3300/1/WAN_MOHD_HAFIZUDDIN_WAN_YUSOF.PDF Wan Mohd Hafizuddin, Wan Yussof (2012) Evaluation of heterogeneous quaternary ammonium catalyst for transesterification of trigycerides. PhD thesis, Newcastle University .
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Wan Mohd Hafizuddin, Wan Yussof Evaluation of heterogeneous quaternary ammonium catalyst for transesterification of trigycerides
description	Biodiesel is a mixture of an alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids produced by transesterification of triglycerides with lower alcohols such as methanol, in the presence of acid or base catalysts. Nearly all biodiesel processes use mogeneous base catalysts that cannot be recovered and necessitate neutralisation of the glycerol-rich phase (a byproduct of the reaction). This increases the number of downstream separation steps, thereby increasing the capital cost of biodiesel production processes. Replacing liquid homogeneous catalysts with solid heterogeneous catalysts can intensify the process, by reducing the total number of process steps, eliminate or reduce waste streams and result in lower production costs, as the catalyst will not have to be continually replaced.Strong anion exchange resins with QNOH, have the potential to be developed and employed as heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification, as they are chemically stable to leaching of the functional group. In this present work, nine different synthesized anion exchange resins (SIER1-9) were prepared by suspension polymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride-divinylbenzene (VBC-DVB) copolymers in the presence of nheptane as a pore-forming agent. These SIERs were evaluated as catalysts for transesterification of triacetin. It was found that the "SIER-6" catalyst prepared with the highest dilution degree (200%) and the lowest DVB content (10% DVB), achieved the highest triacetin conversion (95.6% after 4h). This catalyst had the highest true pore volume (0.89 cm 3 /g) and surface area (398.8 m 2 /g). In contrast, the "SIER-7" catalyst synthesized with the lowest dilution degree (50%), but highest DVB content 40%),resulted in the lowest triacetin conversion at 64.3%. Although there is a siderable improvement in the physicochemical properties of the IERs, such as surface area, 'true pore' volume and diameter, transesterification using rapeseed oil was rather poor with only 16 wt. % of FAME obtained over SIER-6 after 6h reaction.
format	Thesis
author	Wan Mohd Hafizuddin, Wan Yussof
author_facet	Wan Mohd Hafizuddin, Wan Yussof
author_sort	Wan Mohd Hafizuddin, Wan Yussof
title	Evaluation of heterogeneous quaternary ammonium catalyst for transesterification of trigycerides
title_short	Evaluation of heterogeneous quaternary ammonium catalyst for transesterification of trigycerides
title_full	Evaluation of heterogeneous quaternary ammonium catalyst for transesterification of trigycerides
title_fullStr	Evaluation of heterogeneous quaternary ammonium catalyst for transesterification of trigycerides
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluation of heterogeneous quaternary ammonium catalyst for transesterification of trigycerides
title_sort	evaluation of heterogeneous quaternary ammonium catalyst for transesterification of trigycerides
publishDate	2012
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/3300/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/3300/1/WAN_MOHD_HAFIZUDDIN_WAN_YUSOF.PDF
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:57:29Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:57:29Z
_version_	1777414176425115648

Evaluation of heterogeneous quaternary ammonium catalyst for transesterification of trigycerides

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