Statistical optimization of titanium recovery from drinking water treatment residue using response surface methodology

Water treatment plants generate vast amounts of sludge and its disposal is one of the most expensive and environmentally problematic challenges worldwide. As sludge from water treatment plants contains a considerable amount of titanium, both can create serious environmental concerns. In this study,...

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Main Authors:	Krishnan, Santhana, Nor Syahidah, Zulkapli, Mohd Fadhil, Md Din, Zaiton, Abd Majid, Honda, Mitsuhiro, Ichikawa, Yo, Fadzlin, Md Sairan, Mohd Nasrullah, Zulkifli, Nickholas Anting, Anak Guntor
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Ltd 2019
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/27745/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/27745/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/27745/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/27745/1/Statistical%20optimization%20of%20titanium%20recovery%20from%20drinking%20water%20.pdf

id	ump-27745
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-277452020-02-06T08:14:58Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/27745/ Statistical optimization of titanium recovery from drinking water treatment residue using response surface methodology Krishnan, Santhana Nor Syahidah, Zulkapli Mohd Fadhil, Md Din Zaiton, Abd Majid Honda, Mitsuhiro Ichikawa, Yo Fadzlin, Md Sairan Mohd Nasrullah, Zulkifli Nickholas Anting, Anak Guntor TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Water treatment plants generate vast amounts of sludge and its disposal is one of the most expensive and environmentally problematic challenges worldwide. As sludge from water treatment plants contains a considerable amount of titanium, both can create serious environmental concerns. In this study, the potential to recover titanium from drinking water treatment residue was explored through acid leaching technique. Statistical design for the optimization of titanium recovery was proposed using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a five-level central composite design (CCD). Three independent variables were investigated, namely the acid concentration (3 M–7 M), temperature (40 °C – 80 °C) and solid/liquid ratio (0.005–0.02 g/mL). According to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the p-value (<0.0001) indicated the designed model was highly significant. Optimization using RSM gave the best fit between validated and predicted data as elucidated by the coefficient of determination with R2 values of 0.9965. However, acid concentration and solid/liquid ratio showed an initial increase in titanium recovery followed by recovery reduction with increasing concentration and ratio. Quadratic RSM predicted the maximum recovery of titanium to be 67.73% at optimal conditions of 5.5 M acid concentration, at a temperature of 62 °C with a solid/liquid ratio of 0.01 g/mL. The verification experiments gave an average of 66.23% recovery of titanium, thus indicating that the successfully developed model to predict the response. This process development has significant importance to reduce the cost of waste disposal, environmental protection, and recovery of economically valuable products. Elsevier Ltd 2019-11-29 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/27745/1/Statistical%20optimization%20of%20titanium%20recovery%20from%20drinking%20water%20.pdf Krishnan, Santhana and Nor Syahidah, Zulkapli and Mohd Fadhil, Md Din and Zaiton, Abd Majid and Honda, Mitsuhiro and Ichikawa, Yo and Fadzlin, Md Sairan and Mohd Nasrullah, Zulkifli and Nickholas Anting, Anak Guntor (2019) Statistical optimization of titanium recovery from drinking water treatment residue using response surface methodology. Journal of Environmental Management, 255 (109890). ISSN 0301-4797 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109890 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109890
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Krishnan, Santhana Nor Syahidah, Zulkapli Mohd Fadhil, Md Din Zaiton, Abd Majid Honda, Mitsuhiro Ichikawa, Yo Fadzlin, Md Sairan Mohd Nasrullah, Zulkifli Nickholas Anting, Anak Guntor Statistical optimization of titanium recovery from drinking water treatment residue using response surface methodology
description	Water treatment plants generate vast amounts of sludge and its disposal is one of the most expensive and environmentally problematic challenges worldwide. As sludge from water treatment plants contains a considerable amount of titanium, both can create serious environmental concerns. In this study, the potential to recover titanium from drinking water treatment residue was explored through acid leaching technique. Statistical design for the optimization of titanium recovery was proposed using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a five-level central composite design (CCD). Three independent variables were investigated, namely the acid concentration (3 M–7 M), temperature (40 °C – 80 °C) and solid/liquid ratio (0.005–0.02 g/mL). According to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the p-value (<0.0001) indicated the designed model was highly significant. Optimization using RSM gave the best fit between validated and predicted data as elucidated by the coefficient of determination with R2 values of 0.9965. However, acid concentration and solid/liquid ratio showed an initial increase in titanium recovery followed by recovery reduction with increasing concentration and ratio. Quadratic RSM predicted the maximum recovery of titanium to be 67.73% at optimal conditions of 5.5 M acid concentration, at a temperature of 62 °C with a solid/liquid ratio of 0.01 g/mL. The verification experiments gave an average of 66.23% recovery of titanium, thus indicating that the successfully developed model to predict the response. This process development has significant importance to reduce the cost of waste disposal, environmental protection, and recovery of economically valuable products.
format	Article
author	Krishnan, Santhana Nor Syahidah, Zulkapli Mohd Fadhil, Md Din Zaiton, Abd Majid Honda, Mitsuhiro Ichikawa, Yo Fadzlin, Md Sairan Mohd Nasrullah, Zulkifli Nickholas Anting, Anak Guntor
author_facet	Krishnan, Santhana Nor Syahidah, Zulkapli Mohd Fadhil, Md Din Zaiton, Abd Majid Honda, Mitsuhiro Ichikawa, Yo Fadzlin, Md Sairan Mohd Nasrullah, Zulkifli Nickholas Anting, Anak Guntor
author_sort	Krishnan, Santhana
title	Statistical optimization of titanium recovery from drinking water treatment residue using response surface methodology
title_short	Statistical optimization of titanium recovery from drinking water treatment residue using response surface methodology
title_full	Statistical optimization of titanium recovery from drinking water treatment residue using response surface methodology
title_fullStr	Statistical optimization of titanium recovery from drinking water treatment residue using response surface methodology
title_full_unstemmed	Statistical optimization of titanium recovery from drinking water treatment residue using response surface methodology
title_sort	statistical optimization of titanium recovery from drinking water treatment residue using response surface methodology
publisher	Elsevier Ltd
publishDate	2019
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/27745/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/27745/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/27745/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/27745/1/Statistical%20optimization%20of%20titanium%20recovery%20from%20drinking%20water%20.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:43:32Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:43:32Z
_version_	1777417073737072640

Statistical optimization of titanium recovery from drinking water treatment residue using response surface methodology

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