Effect of heat treatment on the tribological performance of electroless quaternary nickel alloy

Heat treatment of nickel-based alloy can increase the alloy’s hardness as well as the wear resistance properties. Nevertheless, the effect of heat treatment on the quaternary Ni alloy coating properties produced from electroless deposition bath is less known due to its composition uniqueness. In thi...

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Main Authors:	Zaimi, M., Azran, M. N., Kasim, M. S., Kamal, M. R. M., Othman, I. S., Lau, K. T., Widodo, T. D., Azizul Helmi, Sofian
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Penerbit UMP 2019
Subjects:	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology TS Manufactures
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/26051/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/26051/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/26051/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/26051/1/Effect%20of%20heat%20treatment%20on%20the%20tribological%20performance.pdf

id	ump-26051
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-260512019-11-21T04:33:14Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/26051/ Effect of heat treatment on the tribological performance of electroless quaternary nickel alloy Zaimi, M. Azran, M. N. Kasim, M. S. Kamal, M. R. M. Othman, I. S. Lau, K. T. Widodo, T. D. Azizul Helmi, Sofian TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology TS Manufactures Heat treatment of nickel-based alloy can increase the alloy’s hardness as well as the wear resistance properties. Nevertheless, the effect of heat treatment on the quaternary Ni alloy coating properties produced from electroless deposition bath is less known due to its composition uniqueness. In this study, Cu and Co are added in the Ni-P alloy matrix using hypophosphite-based Electroless Ni deposition method on mild steel substrate in acidic and alkaline bath. The coatings are then heat treated at 623 K for 3600s. The coatings hardness is measured using microVickers hardness tester and the surface morphology of the coatings are studied using both Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurement is used to measure the coatings compositions. The wear behavior of the coatings is also investigated before and after heat treatment using ASTM G-99. The coatings from acidic-based bath produces Ni-Cu-Co-P alloy coating while the alkaline-based bath produces Ni-Co-Cu-P alloy based on XRF analysis. Results show that the hardness increases more than 20% for acidic-based bath and 40% for alkaline-based bath coating. The highest increment is the Ni-Co-Cu-P alloy, from 553.3 HV to 991.3 HV after heat treatment. The grain refinement of the coatings can be observed after heat treatment in SEM observation. This is proved by the XRD measurement results where polycrystalline Ni (111) formation is seen after heat treatment overshadowing the Cu (111) and Co (111) peaks. Ni phosphide species are also formed after the heat treatment. The polycrystalline Ni and the Ni phosphide formation, as well as the existence of Co and Cu in the alloy deposits reduces the wear rate significantly after the heat treatment. Penerbit UMP 2019-09-27 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_nc_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/26051/1/Effect%20of%20heat%20treatment%20on%20the%20tribological%20performance.pdf Zaimi, M. and Azran, M. N. and Kasim, M. S. and Kamal, M. R. M. and Othman, I. S. and Lau, K. T. and Widodo, T. D. and Azizul Helmi, Sofian (2019) Effect of heat treatment on the tribological performance of electroless quaternary nickel alloy. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences (JMES), 13 (3). 5637 -5652. ISSN 2289-4659 (print); 2231-8380 (online) http://journal.ump.edu.my/jmes/article/view/992 https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.3.2019.26.0452
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology TS Manufactures
spellingShingle	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology TS Manufactures Zaimi, M. Azran, M. N. Kasim, M. S. Kamal, M. R. M. Othman, I. S. Lau, K. T. Widodo, T. D. Azizul Helmi, Sofian Effect of heat treatment on the tribological performance of electroless quaternary nickel alloy
description	Heat treatment of nickel-based alloy can increase the alloy’s hardness as well as the wear resistance properties. Nevertheless, the effect of heat treatment on the quaternary Ni alloy coating properties produced from electroless deposition bath is less known due to its composition uniqueness. In this study, Cu and Co are added in the Ni-P alloy matrix using hypophosphite-based Electroless Ni deposition method on mild steel substrate in acidic and alkaline bath. The coatings are then heat treated at 623 K for 3600s. The coatings hardness is measured using microVickers hardness tester and the surface morphology of the coatings are studied using both Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurement is used to measure the coatings compositions. The wear behavior of the coatings is also investigated before and after heat treatment using ASTM G-99. The coatings from acidic-based bath produces Ni-Cu-Co-P alloy coating while the alkaline-based bath produces Ni-Co-Cu-P alloy based on XRF analysis. Results show that the hardness increases more than 20% for acidic-based bath and 40% for alkaline-based bath coating. The highest increment is the Ni-Co-Cu-P alloy, from 553.3 HV to 991.3 HV after heat treatment. The grain refinement of the coatings can be observed after heat treatment in SEM observation. This is proved by the XRD measurement results where polycrystalline Ni (111) formation is seen after heat treatment overshadowing the Cu (111) and Co (111) peaks. Ni phosphide species are also formed after the heat treatment. The polycrystalline Ni and the Ni phosphide formation, as well as the existence of Co and Cu in the alloy deposits reduces the wear rate significantly after the heat treatment.
format	Article
author	Zaimi, M. Azran, M. N. Kasim, M. S. Kamal, M. R. M. Othman, I. S. Lau, K. T. Widodo, T. D. Azizul Helmi, Sofian
author_facet	Zaimi, M. Azran, M. N. Kasim, M. S. Kamal, M. R. M. Othman, I. S. Lau, K. T. Widodo, T. D. Azizul Helmi, Sofian
author_sort	Zaimi, M.
title	Effect of heat treatment on the tribological performance of electroless quaternary nickel alloy
title_short	Effect of heat treatment on the tribological performance of electroless quaternary nickel alloy
title_full	Effect of heat treatment on the tribological performance of electroless quaternary nickel alloy
title_fullStr	Effect of heat treatment on the tribological performance of electroless quaternary nickel alloy
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of heat treatment on the tribological performance of electroless quaternary nickel alloy
title_sort	effect of heat treatment on the tribological performance of electroless quaternary nickel alloy
publisher	Penerbit UMP
publishDate	2019
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/26051/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/26051/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/26051/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/26051/1/Effect%20of%20heat%20treatment%20on%20the%20tribological%20performance.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:40:19Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:40:19Z
_version_	1777416871485636608

Effect of heat treatment on the tribological performance of electroless quaternary nickel alloy

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