Compact broadband triple-ring five-port reflectometer for microwave brain imaging applications

The broadband five-port reflectometer (FPR) is proposed using a triple-ring based technique. The design introduces a tapering in the inter-ring transmission lines (TLs), which provides additional degrees of freedom for optimization and contributes to increased bandwidth. The miniaturization strategy...

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Main Authors:	Hossain, Toufiq Md, Jamlos, M. F., Mohd Aminudin, Jamlos, Soh, Ping Jack, Siti Zuraidah, Ibrahim, Muammar, Mohamad Isa, Schreurs, Dominique M. M.-P., Narbudowicz, Adam, Mohd Fairusham, Ghazali
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	IEEE 2019
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TS Manufactures
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25695/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25695/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25695/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25695/1/Compact%20broadband%20triple-ring%20five-port%20reflectometer%20.pdf

id	ump-25695
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-256952019-11-21T03:33:41Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25695/ Compact broadband triple-ring five-port reflectometer for microwave brain imaging applications Hossain, Toufiq Md Jamlos, M. F. Mohd Aminudin, Jamlos Soh, Ping Jack Siti Zuraidah, Ibrahim Muammar, Mohamad Isa Schreurs, Dominique M. M.-P. Narbudowicz, Adam Mohd Fairusham, Ghazali TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TS Manufactures The broadband five-port reflectometer (FPR) is proposed using a triple-ring based technique. The design introduces a tapering in the inter-ring transmission lines (TLs), which provides additional degrees of freedom for optimization and contributes to increased bandwidth. The miniaturization strategy allows incorporating the third ring without significant size increase. In addition, a method for expressing the effective physical dimension of a planar symmetric FPR is also presented in an easily comprehensible way, which can be implemented for other symmetric planar junctions with more than four ports. The proposed design comprises three concentric rings with phase-shifting arrangements between the inter-ring TLs and outer matching arm sections. Inter-ring TLs are shifted by 36° (half factorized value of the inter-port angular distance of 72°) in three different optimizing steps. Tapered TLs have been used between two consecutive rings to achieve very wide bandwidth of at least 88% in simulations and at least 85% in measurements. Curved matching TLs are used in the final design, yielding a compact size of $0.397\lambda _{\mathrm {g}} \times 0.377 \lambda _{\mathrm {g}}$ with 43% reduction in length and 43% in width compared to its non-compact counterpart. Genetic algorithm and quasi-Newton algorithm are used in optimizing the final prototype for operation in the frequency band used for brain microwave imaging. The proposed FPR realized a fractional bandwidth of at least 85% (from 0.96 to 2.38 GHz) with a reflection coefficient below -20 dB and a -6 ± 1 dB transmission coefficient with the required phase shift of ±120° between different ports. The measured results agree well with the simulation. Finally, the overall imaging system setup and image construction algorithm are presented and discussed for possible incorporation with this FPR for brain microwave imaging. IEEE 2019-01-09 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25695/1/Compact%20broadband%20triple-ring%20five-port%20reflectometer%20.pdf Hossain, Toufiq Md and Jamlos, M. F. and Mohd Aminudin, Jamlos and Soh, Ping Jack and Siti Zuraidah, Ibrahim and Muammar, Mohamad Isa and Schreurs, Dominique M. M.-P. and Narbudowicz, Adam and Mohd Fairusham, Ghazali (2019) Compact broadband triple-ring five-port reflectometer for microwave brain imaging applications. IEEE Access, 7. pp. 29597-29609. ISSN 2169-3536 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2891058 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2891058
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TS Manufactures
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TS Manufactures Hossain, Toufiq Md Jamlos, M. F. Mohd Aminudin, Jamlos Soh, Ping Jack Siti Zuraidah, Ibrahim Muammar, Mohamad Isa Schreurs, Dominique M. M.-P. Narbudowicz, Adam Mohd Fairusham, Ghazali Compact broadband triple-ring five-port reflectometer for microwave brain imaging applications
description	The broadband five-port reflectometer (FPR) is proposed using a triple-ring based technique. The design introduces a tapering in the inter-ring transmission lines (TLs), which provides additional degrees of freedom for optimization and contributes to increased bandwidth. The miniaturization strategy allows incorporating the third ring without significant size increase. In addition, a method for expressing the effective physical dimension of a planar symmetric FPR is also presented in an easily comprehensible way, which can be implemented for other symmetric planar junctions with more than four ports. The proposed design comprises three concentric rings with phase-shifting arrangements between the inter-ring TLs and outer matching arm sections. Inter-ring TLs are shifted by 36° (half factorized value of the inter-port angular distance of 72°) in three different optimizing steps. Tapered TLs have been used between two consecutive rings to achieve very wide bandwidth of at least 88% in simulations and at least 85% in measurements. Curved matching TLs are used in the final design, yielding a compact size of $0.397\lambda _{\mathrm {g}} \times 0.377 \lambda _{\mathrm {g}}$ with 43% reduction in length and 43% in width compared to its non-compact counterpart. Genetic algorithm and quasi-Newton algorithm are used in optimizing the final prototype for operation in the frequency band used for brain microwave imaging. The proposed FPR realized a fractional bandwidth of at least 85% (from 0.96 to 2.38 GHz) with a reflection coefficient below -20 dB and a -6 ± 1 dB transmission coefficient with the required phase shift of ±120° between different ports. The measured results agree well with the simulation. Finally, the overall imaging system setup and image construction algorithm are presented and discussed for possible incorporation with this FPR for brain microwave imaging.
format	Article
author	Hossain, Toufiq Md Jamlos, M. F. Mohd Aminudin, Jamlos Soh, Ping Jack Siti Zuraidah, Ibrahim Muammar, Mohamad Isa Schreurs, Dominique M. M.-P. Narbudowicz, Adam Mohd Fairusham, Ghazali
author_facet	Hossain, Toufiq Md Jamlos, M. F. Mohd Aminudin, Jamlos Soh, Ping Jack Siti Zuraidah, Ibrahim Muammar, Mohamad Isa Schreurs, Dominique M. M.-P. Narbudowicz, Adam Mohd Fairusham, Ghazali
author_sort	Hossain, Toufiq Md
title	Compact broadband triple-ring five-port reflectometer for microwave brain imaging applications
title_short	Compact broadband triple-ring five-port reflectometer for microwave brain imaging applications
title_full	Compact broadband triple-ring five-port reflectometer for microwave brain imaging applications
title_fullStr	Compact broadband triple-ring five-port reflectometer for microwave brain imaging applications
title_full_unstemmed	Compact broadband triple-ring five-port reflectometer for microwave brain imaging applications
title_sort	compact broadband triple-ring five-port reflectometer for microwave brain imaging applications
publisher	IEEE
publishDate	2019
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25695/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25695/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25695/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25695/1/Compact%20broadband%20triple-ring%20five-port%20reflectometer%20.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:39:36Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:39:36Z
_version_	1777416826473414656

Compact broadband triple-ring five-port reflectometer for microwave brain imaging applications

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