An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent

This study evaluates the effects of subcritical hydrothermal treatment on palm oil mill effluent (POME) and its concomitant formations of solid hydrochar, liquid product and gaseous product. The reactions were carried out at temperatures ranged 493 K–533 K for 2 h. The highest reduction of chemical...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Lee, Zhan Sheng, Chin, S. Y., Cheng, C. K.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Ltd 2019
Subjects:	QC Physics TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25551/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25551/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25551/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25551/1/An%20evaluation%20of%20subcritical%20hydrothermal%20treatment%20of%20end-of-pipe%20.pdf

id	ump-25551
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-255512019-11-14T07:26:06Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25551/ An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent Lee, Zhan Sheng Chin, S. Y. Cheng, C. K. QC Physics TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TP Chemical technology This study evaluates the effects of subcritical hydrothermal treatment on palm oil mill effluent (POME) and its concomitant formations of solid hydrochar, liquid product and gaseous product. The reactions were carried out at temperatures ranged 493 K–533 K for 2 h. The highest reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were 58.8% and 62.5%, respectively, at 533 K. In addition, the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) achieved up to 99%, with the pH of POME reaching 6 from the initial pH 4. The gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis showed that the fresh POME contained n-Hexadecanoic acid as the dominant component, which gradually reduced in the liquid product in the reaction with increased temperature, in addition to the attenuation of carboxyl compounds and elevation of phenolic components. The gaseous products contained CO2, CO, H2, and C3 – C6 hydrocarbons. Traces of CH4 were only found at 533 K. CO2 is the dominant species, where the highest of 3.99 vol% per 500 mL working volume of POME recorded at 533 K. The solid hydrochars showed negligible morphological changes across the reaction temperature. The O/C atomic ratio of the hydrochar range from 0.157 to 0.379, while the H/C atomic ratio was in the range from 0.930 to 1.506. With the increase of treatment temperature, the higher heating value (HHV) of the hydrochar improved from 24.624 to 27.513 MJ kg-1. The characteristics of hydrochar make it a fuel source with immense potential. POME decomposed into water-soluble compounds, followed by deoxygenation (dehydration and decarboxylation) in producing hydrochar with lower oxygen content and higher aromatic compounds in the liquid product. Little gaseous hydrocarbons were produced due to subcritical hydrothermal gasification at low temperature. Elsevier Ltd 2019-06 Article NonPeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25551/1/An%20evaluation%20of%20subcritical%20hydrothermal%20treatment%20of%20end-of-pipe%20.pdf Lee, Zhan Sheng and Chin, S. Y. and Cheng, C. K. (2019) An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent. Heliyon, 5 (6). pp. 1-11. ISSN 2405-8440 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01792 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01792
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	QC Physics TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	QC Physics TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TP Chemical technology Lee, Zhan Sheng Chin, S. Y. Cheng, C. K. An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent
description	This study evaluates the effects of subcritical hydrothermal treatment on palm oil mill effluent (POME) and its concomitant formations of solid hydrochar, liquid product and gaseous product. The reactions were carried out at temperatures ranged 493 K–533 K for 2 h. The highest reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were 58.8% and 62.5%, respectively, at 533 K. In addition, the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) achieved up to 99%, with the pH of POME reaching 6 from the initial pH 4. The gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis showed that the fresh POME contained n-Hexadecanoic acid as the dominant component, which gradually reduced in the liquid product in the reaction with increased temperature, in addition to the attenuation of carboxyl compounds and elevation of phenolic components. The gaseous products contained CO2, CO, H2, and C3 – C6 hydrocarbons. Traces of CH4 were only found at 533 K. CO2 is the dominant species, where the highest of 3.99 vol% per 500 mL working volume of POME recorded at 533 K. The solid hydrochars showed negligible morphological changes across the reaction temperature. The O/C atomic ratio of the hydrochar range from 0.157 to 0.379, while the H/C atomic ratio was in the range from 0.930 to 1.506. With the increase of treatment temperature, the higher heating value (HHV) of the hydrochar improved from 24.624 to 27.513 MJ kg-1. The characteristics of hydrochar make it a fuel source with immense potential. POME decomposed into water-soluble compounds, followed by deoxygenation (dehydration and decarboxylation) in producing hydrochar with lower oxygen content and higher aromatic compounds in the liquid product. Little gaseous hydrocarbons were produced due to subcritical hydrothermal gasification at low temperature.
format	Article
author	Lee, Zhan Sheng Chin, S. Y. Cheng, C. K.
author_facet	Lee, Zhan Sheng Chin, S. Y. Cheng, C. K.
author_sort	Lee, Zhan Sheng
title	An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent
title_short	An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent
title_full	An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent
title_fullStr	An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent
title_full_unstemmed	An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent
title_sort	evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent
publisher	Elsevier Ltd
publishDate	2019
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25551/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25551/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25551/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25551/1/An%20evaluation%20of%20subcritical%20hydrothermal%20treatment%20of%20end-of-pipe%20.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:39:17Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:39:17Z
_version_	1777416806433030144

An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent

Similar Items