Photocatalytic treatment of palm oil mill effluent by visible light-active calcium ferrite: effects of catalyst preparation technique

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a serious and expensive environmental problem in Malaysia. In this paper, CaFe2O4 is introduced as a novel photocatalyst for the degradation of POME under visible light irradiation. Two synthesis routes, auto-combustion and co-precipitation, and two calcination tempe...

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Main Authors:	Charles, Ashwin, Cheng, C. K.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Ltd 2019
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/24301/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/24301/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/24301/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/24301/1/Photocatalytic%20treatment%20of%20palm%20oil%20mill%20effluent%20by%20visible%20light.pdf

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recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-243012019-09-04T03:03:35Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/24301/ Photocatalytic treatment of palm oil mill effluent by visible light-active calcium ferrite: effects of catalyst preparation technique Charles, Ashwin Cheng, C. K. TP Chemical technology Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a serious and expensive environmental problem in Malaysia. In this paper, CaFe2O4 is introduced as a novel photocatalyst for the degradation of POME under visible light irradiation. Two synthesis routes, auto-combustion and co-precipitation, and two calcination temperatures 550 °C and 700 °C were used to produce four CaFe2O4 catalysts AC550, AC700, CP550 and CP700. CP550 exhibited the greatest photocatalytic degradation at 56% chemical-oxygen-demand (COD) removal after 8 h of irradiation which dropped to 49% after three consecutive cycles indicating reasonable conversion and high recyclability. BET analysis indicated CP550 had the highest SBET (27.28 m2/g) and pore volume (0.077 cm3/g) which dropped precipitously for CP700 upon increasing the calcination temperature to an SBET of 9.73 m2/g and pore volume of 0.025 cm3/g due to annealing which created a smoother surface area as evidenced by the SEMimages. UV–Vis DRS indicated CP550 had the highest band-gap (1.52 eV) which is likely due to the presence of a highly crystalline pure CaFe2O4 phase compared to the other products which existed as a mixture of Fe oxidation states evidenced by the XRD data. The PL spectra for all catalysts indicated significantly lower recombination rate for both CP550 and CP700. Introduction of IPA into the reaction mixture to eliminate hydroxyl radicals resulted in a diminishing of COD removal from 56% to 7% proving hydroxyl radicals to be the primary reactive species responsible for photodegradation of POME. Elsevier Ltd 2019-03 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/24301/1/Photocatalytic%20treatment%20of%20palm%20oil%20mill%20effluent%20by%20visible%20light.pdf Charles, Ashwin and Cheng, C. K. (2019) Photocatalytic treatment of palm oil mill effluent by visible light-active calcium ferrite: effects of catalyst preparation technique. Journal of Environmental Management, 234. pp. 404-411. ISSN 0301-4797 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.024
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Charles, Ashwin Cheng, C. K. Photocatalytic treatment of palm oil mill effluent by visible light-active calcium ferrite: effects of catalyst preparation technique
description	Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a serious and expensive environmental problem in Malaysia. In this paper, CaFe2O4 is introduced as a novel photocatalyst for the degradation of POME under visible light irradiation. Two synthesis routes, auto-combustion and co-precipitation, and two calcination temperatures 550 °C and 700 °C were used to produce four CaFe2O4 catalysts AC550, AC700, CP550 and CP700. CP550 exhibited the greatest photocatalytic degradation at 56% chemical-oxygen-demand (COD) removal after 8 h of irradiation which dropped to 49% after three consecutive cycles indicating reasonable conversion and high recyclability. BET analysis indicated CP550 had the highest SBET (27.28 m2/g) and pore volume (0.077 cm3/g) which dropped precipitously for CP700 upon increasing the calcination temperature to an SBET of 9.73 m2/g and pore volume of 0.025 cm3/g due to annealing which created a smoother surface area as evidenced by the SEMimages. UV–Vis DRS indicated CP550 had the highest band-gap (1.52 eV) which is likely due to the presence of a highly crystalline pure CaFe2O4 phase compared to the other products which existed as a mixture of Fe oxidation states evidenced by the XRD data. The PL spectra for all catalysts indicated significantly lower recombination rate for both CP550 and CP700. Introduction of IPA into the reaction mixture to eliminate hydroxyl radicals resulted in a diminishing of COD removal from 56% to 7% proving hydroxyl radicals to be the primary reactive species responsible for photodegradation of POME.
format	Article
author	Charles, Ashwin Cheng, C. K.
author_facet	Charles, Ashwin Cheng, C. K.
author_sort	Charles, Ashwin
title	Photocatalytic treatment of palm oil mill effluent by visible light-active calcium ferrite: effects of catalyst preparation technique
title_short	Photocatalytic treatment of palm oil mill effluent by visible light-active calcium ferrite: effects of catalyst preparation technique
title_full	Photocatalytic treatment of palm oil mill effluent by visible light-active calcium ferrite: effects of catalyst preparation technique
title_fullStr	Photocatalytic treatment of palm oil mill effluent by visible light-active calcium ferrite: effects of catalyst preparation technique
title_full_unstemmed	Photocatalytic treatment of palm oil mill effluent by visible light-active calcium ferrite: effects of catalyst preparation technique
title_sort	photocatalytic treatment of palm oil mill effluent by visible light-active calcium ferrite: effects of catalyst preparation technique
publisher	Elsevier Ltd
publishDate	2019
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/24301/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/24301/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/24301/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/24301/1/Photocatalytic%20treatment%20of%20palm%20oil%20mill%20effluent%20by%20visible%20light.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:36:41Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:36:41Z
_version_	1777416642308866048

Photocatalytic treatment of palm oil mill effluent by visible light-active calcium ferrite: effects of catalyst preparation technique

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