The Effect of Iron (II) Chloride in Microalgae Cultivation for Bio-Oil Extraction

The world is facing a problem regarding the use of petroleum fuels that has led to a search for a suitable alternative fuel source. Researchers have come up with the idea of producing biofuel to overcome this problem. In this study, microalgae were explored as a high potential fee...

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Main Authors:	Tevan, R., Saravanan, Jayakumar, Mohd Hasbi, Ab. Rahim, Gaanty Pragas, Maniam, Govindan, Natanamurugaraj
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Research Malaysia Publications 2017
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20734/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20734/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20734/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20734/1/The%20Effect%20of%20Iron%20Chloride%20in%20Microalgae%20Cultivation%20for%20Bio-fist-2017.pdf

id	ump-20734
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-207342018-11-22T06:50:17Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20734/ The Effect of Iron (II) Chloride in Microalgae Cultivation for Bio-Oil Extraction Tevan, R. Saravanan, Jayakumar Mohd Hasbi, Ab. Rahim Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Govindan, Natanamurugaraj QD Chemistry The world is facing a problem regarding the use of petroleum fuels that has led to a search for a suitable alternative fuel source. Researchers have come up with the idea of producing biofuel to overcome this problem. In this study, microalgae were explored as a high potential feedstock to produce biofuel. In order to produce a large quantity of biofuel with low cost at a short time, the manipulation of nutrients is a factor in microalgae cultivation. In this study, Iron (II) Chloride (FeCl2) was added to the nutrients to initiate a stressful condition during growth which contributes to the produce of lipid. Isolated microalgae species were identified as Scenedesmus sp. During mass cultivation, the microalgae cultures were scaled up to 2 L of culture. Three flasks of microalgae culture were labelled with S1, S2, and S3. Flask S1 acts as a control without the addition of FeCl2, while another two flasks acted as experimental flasks. Flask S2 was supplemented with 0.5 mg FeCl2 while Flask S3 was supplemented with 1.0 mg of FeCl2. With the addition of Iron (II) Chloride, microalgae entered a stationary phase at day 9 and day 10 as compared to the control flask which enters the stationary phase at day 7. This also affects the dry weight. Flask 3 produces 0.8658 g of microalgae powder compared to Flask 1 and 2 which produced 0.4649 g and 0.5357 g respectively. Lipid analysis was done by using GCMS and GC-FID. Flask 3 produced various types of fatty acids which can be used for biodiesel production compared to other cultivates. In Flask 1, docosanoic acid which is a saturated fatty acid was detected. While in Flask 2 (S2), with the addition of 0.5 mg of FeCl2, docosapentaenoic acid was produced. In the last flask which involved the addition of 1.0 mg of FeCl2, more fatty acid was detected. In GC-FID data, 6 types of fatty acids were detected. Linolein acid, linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and docosanoic acid were produced at different retention times. Most of the fatty acids produced are polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). In transesterification, the fatty acid reacts with methanol and acid catalyst. The reaction produces fatty acid methyl ester. In Flask 1, the control flask, without the addition of FeCl2, no fatty acid methylesters (FAME) was produced. However, in Flask 2 and 3 which were added 0.5mg FeCl2 and 1.0 mg FeCl2, n-hexadecanoic acid methyl ester which is also known as palmitic acid was produced. Palmitic fatty acid can be used for biodiesel production. Research Malaysia Publications 2017 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20734/1/The%20Effect%20of%20Iron%20Chloride%20in%20Microalgae%20Cultivation%20for%20Bio-fist-2017.pdf Tevan, R. and Saravanan, Jayakumar and Mohd Hasbi, Ab. Rahim and Gaanty Pragas, Maniam and Govindan, Natanamurugaraj (2017) The Effect of Iron (II) Chloride in Microalgae Cultivation for Bio-Oil Extraction. Journal of Engineering and Science Research, 1 (2). pp. 185-196. ISSN 2289-7127 https://www.jesrjournal.com/uploads/2/6/8/1/26810285/028-jesr-185-196.pdf DOI: 10.26666/rmp.jesr.2017.2.28
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Tevan, R. Saravanan, Jayakumar Mohd Hasbi, Ab. Rahim Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Govindan, Natanamurugaraj The Effect of Iron (II) Chloride in Microalgae Cultivation for Bio-Oil Extraction
description	The world is facing a problem regarding the use of petroleum fuels that has led to a search for a suitable alternative fuel source. Researchers have come up with the idea of producing biofuel to overcome this problem. In this study, microalgae were explored as a high potential feedstock to produce biofuel. In order to produce a large quantity of biofuel with low cost at a short time, the manipulation of nutrients is a factor in microalgae cultivation. In this study, Iron (II) Chloride (FeCl2) was added to the nutrients to initiate a stressful condition during growth which contributes to the produce of lipid. Isolated microalgae species were identified as Scenedesmus sp. During mass cultivation, the microalgae cultures were scaled up to 2 L of culture. Three flasks of microalgae culture were labelled with S1, S2, and S3. Flask S1 acts as a control without the addition of FeCl2, while another two flasks acted as experimental flasks. Flask S2 was supplemented with 0.5 mg FeCl2 while Flask S3 was supplemented with 1.0 mg of FeCl2. With the addition of Iron (II) Chloride, microalgae entered a stationary phase at day 9 and day 10 as compared to the control flask which enters the stationary phase at day 7. This also affects the dry weight. Flask 3 produces 0.8658 g of microalgae powder compared to Flask 1 and 2 which produced 0.4649 g and 0.5357 g respectively. Lipid analysis was done by using GCMS and GC-FID. Flask 3 produced various types of fatty acids which can be used for biodiesel production compared to other cultivates. In Flask 1, docosanoic acid which is a saturated fatty acid was detected. While in Flask 2 (S2), with the addition of 0.5 mg of FeCl2, docosapentaenoic acid was produced. In the last flask which involved the addition of 1.0 mg of FeCl2, more fatty acid was detected. In GC-FID data, 6 types of fatty acids were detected. Linolein acid, linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and docosanoic acid were produced at different retention times. Most of the fatty acids produced are polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). In transesterification, the fatty acid reacts with methanol and acid catalyst. The reaction produces fatty acid methyl ester. In Flask 1, the control flask, without the addition of FeCl2, no fatty acid methylesters (FAME) was produced. However, in Flask 2 and 3 which were added 0.5mg FeCl2 and 1.0 mg FeCl2, n-hexadecanoic acid methyl ester which is also known as palmitic acid was produced. Palmitic fatty acid can be used for biodiesel production.
format	Article
author	Tevan, R. Saravanan, Jayakumar Mohd Hasbi, Ab. Rahim Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Govindan, Natanamurugaraj
author_facet	Tevan, R. Saravanan, Jayakumar Mohd Hasbi, Ab. Rahim Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Govindan, Natanamurugaraj
author_sort	Tevan, R.
title	The Effect of Iron (II) Chloride in Microalgae Cultivation for Bio-Oil Extraction
title_short	The Effect of Iron (II) Chloride in Microalgae Cultivation for Bio-Oil Extraction
title_full	The Effect of Iron (II) Chloride in Microalgae Cultivation for Bio-Oil Extraction
title_fullStr	The Effect of Iron (II) Chloride in Microalgae Cultivation for Bio-Oil Extraction
title_full_unstemmed	The Effect of Iron (II) Chloride in Microalgae Cultivation for Bio-Oil Extraction
title_sort	effect of iron (ii) chloride in microalgae cultivation for bio-oil extraction
publisher	Research Malaysia Publications
publishDate	2017
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20734/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20734/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20734/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20734/1/The%20Effect%20of%20Iron%20Chloride%20in%20Microalgae%20Cultivation%20for%20Bio-fist-2017.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:30:04Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:30:04Z
_version_	1777416226673262592

The Effect of Iron (II) Chloride in Microalgae Cultivation for Bio-Oil Extraction

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