Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils

Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils

In the present work, waste source, namely deoiled spent bleaching clay (DSBC) loaded with K, Ca and La, have been successfully utilized as solid catalysts in the transesterification of refined, bleached and deodorized palm olein (RBD-PO), waste palm cooking oil (WPCO) and spent bleaching clay (SBC)...

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Main Author: Rehan, Zainol Abidin
Format: Thesis
Language:English
English
English
Published: 2017
Subjects:
Q Science (General)
Online Access:http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/1/Alkali%20and%20rare%20earth%20metals%20loading%20on%20deoiled-spent%20bleaching%20clay%20as%20catalysts%20in%20transesterification%20of%20waste%20oils%20-Table%20of%20contents.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/2/Alkali%20and%20rare%20earth%20metals%20loading%20on%20deoiled-spent%20bleaching%20clay%20as%20catalysts%20in%20transesterification%20of%20waste%20oils%20-Abstract.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/3/Alkali%20and%20rare%20earth%20metals%20loading%20on%20deoiled-spent%20bleaching%20clay%20as%20catalysts%20in%20transesterification%20of%20waste%20oils%20-References.pdf
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spelling ump-197052018-01-11T03:00:18Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/ Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils Rehan, Zainol Abidin Q Science (General) In the present work, waste source, namely deoiled spent bleaching clay (DSBC) loaded with K, Ca and La, have been successfully utilized as solid catalysts in the transesterification of refined, bleached and deodorized palm olein (RBD-PO), waste palm cooking oil (WPCO) and spent bleaching clay (SBC) oil to produce methyl esters (biodiesel). The triglycerides source from waste source such as WPCO and SBC can help to reduce the production cost and do not cause food issue. But these types of feedstocks have high moisture and free fatty acid (FFA) hence; we need to find a heterogeneous catalyst to overcome this. In order to enhance the catalytic activity, the deoiled SBC had been calcined at 500 °C for 10 h and doped with KOH, CaO and La2O3 using wet impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized with TGA, FTIR, XRD, XRF, BET, FESEM, ICP and Hammett indicators (phenolphthalein, 2,4-dinitroaniline and 4-nitroaniline). In the transesterification reaction, we found out that K-DSB gives the best yield. The best reaction conditions found to be: for transesterification of RBD-PO, WPCO and SBC oil using K-DSBC was 3 wt.% catalyst amount (based on oil weight) and 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio for 2 h reaction period producing 98.9 % methyl ester yield. Meanwhile for the transesterification of WPCO and SBC oil require 3 h and 4 h reaction duration. All catalysts undergo transesterification at the reflux temperature of methanol (65 °C). Furthermore, the regenerated of the catalytic activity was investigated, and found that all the three catalysts could be reused up to five times, while maintaining methyl esters content above 80%. In addition, the catalysts exhibit tolerance towards the presence of water at 1.75% and 2.0% and FFA at 1.75% and 1.75%, respectively, with over 80% of methyl esters content. 2017-06 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/1/Alkali%20and%20rare%20earth%20metals%20loading%20on%20deoiled-spent%20bleaching%20clay%20as%20catalysts%20in%20transesterification%20of%20waste%20oils%20-Table%20of%20contents.pdf application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/2/Alkali%20and%20rare%20earth%20metals%20loading%20on%20deoiled-spent%20bleaching%20clay%20as%20catalysts%20in%20transesterification%20of%20waste%20oils%20-Abstract.pdf application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/3/Alkali%20and%20rare%20earth%20metals%20loading%20on%20deoiled-spent%20bleaching%20clay%20as%20catalysts%20in%20transesterification%20of%20waste%20oils%20-References.pdf Rehan, Zainol Abidin (2017) Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaysia Pahang. http://iportal.ump.edu.my/lib/item?id=chamo:101535&theme=UMP2
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Local University
institution Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building UMP Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
language English
English
English
topic Q Science (General)
spellingShingle Q Science (General)
Rehan, Zainol Abidin
Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils
description In the present work, waste source, namely deoiled spent bleaching clay (DSBC) loaded with K, Ca and La, have been successfully utilized as solid catalysts in the transesterification of refined, bleached and deodorized palm olein (RBD-PO), waste palm cooking oil (WPCO) and spent bleaching clay (SBC) oil to produce methyl esters (biodiesel). The triglycerides source from waste source such as WPCO and SBC can help to reduce the production cost and do not cause food issue. But these types of feedstocks have high moisture and free fatty acid (FFA) hence; we need to find a heterogeneous catalyst to overcome this. In order to enhance the catalytic activity, the deoiled SBC had been calcined at 500 °C for 10 h and doped with KOH, CaO and La2O3 using wet impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized with TGA, FTIR, XRD, XRF, BET, FESEM, ICP and Hammett indicators (phenolphthalein, 2,4-dinitroaniline and 4-nitroaniline). In the transesterification reaction, we found out that K-DSB gives the best yield. The best reaction conditions found to be: for transesterification of RBD-PO, WPCO and SBC oil using K-DSBC was 3 wt.% catalyst amount (based on oil weight) and 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio for 2 h reaction period producing 98.9 % methyl ester yield. Meanwhile for the transesterification of WPCO and SBC oil require 3 h and 4 h reaction duration. All catalysts undergo transesterification at the reflux temperature of methanol (65 °C). Furthermore, the regenerated of the catalytic activity was investigated, and found that all the three catalysts could be reused up to five times, while maintaining methyl esters content above 80%. In addition, the catalysts exhibit tolerance towards the presence of water at 1.75% and 2.0% and FFA at 1.75% and 1.75%, respectively, with over 80% of methyl esters content.
format Thesis
author Rehan, Zainol Abidin
author_facet Rehan, Zainol Abidin
author_sort Rehan, Zainol Abidin
title Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils
title_short Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils
title_full Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils
title_fullStr Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils
title_full_unstemmed Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils
title_sort alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils
publishDate 2017
url http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/1/Alkali%20and%20rare%20earth%20metals%20loading%20on%20deoiled-spent%20bleaching%20clay%20as%20catalysts%20in%20transesterification%20of%20waste%20oils%20-Table%20of%20contents.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/2/Alkali%20and%20rare%20earth%20metals%20loading%20on%20deoiled-spent%20bleaching%20clay%20as%20catalysts%20in%20transesterification%20of%20waste%20oils%20-Abstract.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/3/Alkali%20and%20rare%20earth%20metals%20loading%20on%20deoiled-spent%20bleaching%20clay%20as%20catalysts%20in%20transesterification%20of%20waste%20oils%20-References.pdf
first_indexed 2023-09-18T22:28:13Z
last_indexed 2023-09-18T22:28:13Z
_version_ 1777416110243577856

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