Esterification of oil adsorbed on palm decanter cake into methyl ester using sulfonated rice husk ash as heterogeneous acid catalyst

Palm Decanter cake (PDC) which is categorized as the waste from palm oil mill has been found to contain residual crude palm oil. The oil adsorbed on the PDC (PDC-oil) can be extracted and potentially used as feedstock for biodiesel production. Feedstock from waste like PDC-oil is burdened with high...

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Main Authors:	Noor, Hindryawati, Erwin, Erwin, Maniam, Gaanty Pragas
Format:	Article
Language:	English English
Published:	American Institute of Physics Inc. 2017
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/18467/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/18467/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/18467/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/18467/1/Noor%2CH.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/18467/7/hindryawati2017_2.pdf

id	ump-18467
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-184672018-10-16T03:07:36Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/18467/ Esterification of oil adsorbed on palm decanter cake into methyl ester using sulfonated rice husk ash as heterogeneous acid catalyst Noor, Hindryawati Erwin, Erwin Maniam, Gaanty Pragas QD Chemistry Palm Decanter cake (PDC) which is categorized as the waste from palm oil mill has been found to contain residual crude palm oil. The oil adsorbed on the PDC (PDC-oil) can be extracted and potentially used as feedstock for biodiesel production. Feedstock from waste like PDC-oil is burdened with high free fatty acids (FFAs) which make the feedstock difficult to be converted into biodiesel using basic catalyst. Therefore, in this study, a solid acid, RHA-SO3H catalyst was synthesized by sulfonating rice husk ash (RHA) with concentrated sulfuric acid. The RHA-SO3H prepared was characterized with TGA, FTIR, BET, XRD, FE-SEM, and Hammett indicators (methyl red, bromophenol blue, and crystal violet). PDC was found to have about 11.3 wt. % oil recovered after 1 hour extraction using ultrasound method. The presence of sulfonate group was observed in IR spectrum, and the surface area of RHA-SO3H was reduced to 37 m2.g−1 after impregnation of sulfonate group. The RHA-SO3H catalyst showed that it can work for both esterification of free fatty acid which is present in PDC-oil, and transesterification of triglycerides into methyl ester. The results showed highest methyl ester content of 70.2 wt.% at optimal conditions, which was 6 wt.% catalyst amount, methanol to oil molar ratio of 17:1 for 5 hours at 120 °C. American Institute of Physics Inc. 2017 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/18467/1/Noor%2CH.pdf application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/18467/7/hindryawati2017_2.pdf Noor, Hindryawati and Erwin, Erwin and Maniam, Gaanty Pragas (2017) Esterification of oil adsorbed on palm decanter cake into methyl ester using sulfonated rice husk ash as heterogeneous acid catalyst. Esterification of oil adsorbed on palm decanter cake into methyl ester using sulfonated rice husk ash as heterogeneous acid catalyst , 1813. ISSN 0094-243X http://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.4975965 DOI: 10.1063/1.4975965
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Noor, Hindryawati Erwin, Erwin Maniam, Gaanty Pragas Esterification of oil adsorbed on palm decanter cake into methyl ester using sulfonated rice husk ash as heterogeneous acid catalyst
description	Palm Decanter cake (PDC) which is categorized as the waste from palm oil mill has been found to contain residual crude palm oil. The oil adsorbed on the PDC (PDC-oil) can be extracted and potentially used as feedstock for biodiesel production. Feedstock from waste like PDC-oil is burdened with high free fatty acids (FFAs) which make the feedstock difficult to be converted into biodiesel using basic catalyst. Therefore, in this study, a solid acid, RHA-SO3H catalyst was synthesized by sulfonating rice husk ash (RHA) with concentrated sulfuric acid. The RHA-SO3H prepared was characterized with TGA, FTIR, BET, XRD, FE-SEM, and Hammett indicators (methyl red, bromophenol blue, and crystal violet). PDC was found to have about 11.3 wt. % oil recovered after 1 hour extraction using ultrasound method. The presence of sulfonate group was observed in IR spectrum, and the surface area of RHA-SO3H was reduced to 37 m2.g−1 after impregnation of sulfonate group. The RHA-SO3H catalyst showed that it can work for both esterification of free fatty acid which is present in PDC-oil, and transesterification of triglycerides into methyl ester. The results showed highest methyl ester content of 70.2 wt.% at optimal conditions, which was 6 wt.% catalyst amount, methanol to oil molar ratio of 17:1 for 5 hours at 120 °C.
format	Article
author	Noor, Hindryawati Erwin, Erwin Maniam, Gaanty Pragas
author_facet	Noor, Hindryawati Erwin, Erwin Maniam, Gaanty Pragas
author_sort	Noor, Hindryawati
title	Esterification of oil adsorbed on palm decanter cake into methyl ester using sulfonated rice husk ash as heterogeneous acid catalyst
title_short	Esterification of oil adsorbed on palm decanter cake into methyl ester using sulfonated rice husk ash as heterogeneous acid catalyst
title_full	Esterification of oil adsorbed on palm decanter cake into methyl ester using sulfonated rice husk ash as heterogeneous acid catalyst
title_fullStr	Esterification of oil adsorbed on palm decanter cake into methyl ester using sulfonated rice husk ash as heterogeneous acid catalyst
title_full_unstemmed	Esterification of oil adsorbed on palm decanter cake into methyl ester using sulfonated rice husk ash as heterogeneous acid catalyst
title_sort	esterification of oil adsorbed on palm decanter cake into methyl ester using sulfonated rice husk ash as heterogeneous acid catalyst
publisher	American Institute of Physics Inc.
publishDate	2017
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/18467/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/18467/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/18467/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/18467/1/Noor%2CH.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/18467/7/hindryawati2017_2.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:26:11Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:26:11Z
_version_	1777415981989101568

Esterification of oil adsorbed on palm decanter cake into methyl ester using sulfonated rice husk ash as heterogeneous acid catalyst

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