Utilization of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate in Methyl Esters Preparation using SO42/TiO2-SiO2 as a Solid Acid Catalyst

The use of by-products, particularly in the biodiesel industry, has gained much attention owing to their potential in countering higher feedstock costs. A low-value by-product of palm oil refining, the palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), was utilized as a feedstock for biodiesel preparation with the...

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Main Authors:	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam, Nurul Hajar, Embong, Mohd Hasbi, Ab. Rahim, Lee, Keat Teong, Huisingh, Donald
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier 2016
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16817/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16817/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16817/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16817/1/fist-2016-gaanty-Utilization%20of%20palm%20fatty%20acid%20distillate1.pdf

id	ump-16817
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-168172018-11-22T08:10:33Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16817/ Utilization of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate in Methyl Esters Preparation using SO42/TiO2-SiO2 as a Solid Acid Catalyst Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Nurul Hajar, Embong Mohd Hasbi, Ab. Rahim Lee, Keat Teong Huisingh, Donald QD Chemistry The use of by-products, particularly in the biodiesel industry, has gained much attention owing to their potential in countering higher feedstock costs. A low-value by-product of palm oil refining, the palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), was utilized as a feedstock for biodiesel preparation with the aid of a solid acid catalyst, SO42−/TiO2–SiO2. A central composite design is applied to optimize the major influential manipulate variables. The analysis of variance identifies the methanol/PFAD molar ratio as having a dominant effect on methyl ester conversion, followed by catalyst amount and reaction time respectively. The utilization of PFAD with the aid of a solid acid catalyst results in 93.3 ± 1.02% conversion at the most optimized reaction conditions of 2.97 ± 0.04 wt% for the catalyst amount, 5.85 ± 0.14 methanol/PFAD molar ratio and 3.12 ± 0.14 h of reaction time. Elsevier 2016 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16817/1/fist-2016-gaanty-Utilization%20of%20palm%20fatty%20acid%20distillate1.pdf Gaanty Pragas, Maniam and Nurul Hajar, Embong and Mohd Hasbi, Ab. Rahim and Lee, Keat Teong and Huisingh, Donald (2016) Utilization of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate in Methyl Esters Preparation using SO42/TiO2-SiO2 as a Solid Acid Catalyst. Journal of Cleaner Production, 116. pp. 244-248. ISSN 0959-6526 (print), 1879-1786 (online) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.108 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.108
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Nurul Hajar, Embong Mohd Hasbi, Ab. Rahim Lee, Keat Teong Huisingh, Donald Utilization of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate in Methyl Esters Preparation using SO42/TiO2-SiO2 as a Solid Acid Catalyst
description	The use of by-products, particularly in the biodiesel industry, has gained much attention owing to their potential in countering higher feedstock costs. A low-value by-product of palm oil refining, the palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), was utilized as a feedstock for biodiesel preparation with the aid of a solid acid catalyst, SO42−/TiO2–SiO2. A central composite design is applied to optimize the major influential manipulate variables. The analysis of variance identifies the methanol/PFAD molar ratio as having a dominant effect on methyl ester conversion, followed by catalyst amount and reaction time respectively. The utilization of PFAD with the aid of a solid acid catalyst results in 93.3 ± 1.02% conversion at the most optimized reaction conditions of 2.97 ± 0.04 wt% for the catalyst amount, 5.85 ± 0.14 methanol/PFAD molar ratio and 3.12 ± 0.14 h of reaction time.
format	Article
author	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Nurul Hajar, Embong Mohd Hasbi, Ab. Rahim Lee, Keat Teong Huisingh, Donald
author_facet	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Nurul Hajar, Embong Mohd Hasbi, Ab. Rahim Lee, Keat Teong Huisingh, Donald
author_sort	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam
title	Utilization of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate in Methyl Esters Preparation using SO42/TiO2-SiO2 as a Solid Acid Catalyst
title_short	Utilization of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate in Methyl Esters Preparation using SO42/TiO2-SiO2 as a Solid Acid Catalyst
title_full	Utilization of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate in Methyl Esters Preparation using SO42/TiO2-SiO2 as a Solid Acid Catalyst
title_fullStr	Utilization of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate in Methyl Esters Preparation using SO42/TiO2-SiO2 as a Solid Acid Catalyst
title_full_unstemmed	Utilization of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate in Methyl Esters Preparation using SO42/TiO2-SiO2 as a Solid Acid Catalyst
title_sort	utilization of palm fatty acid distillate in methyl esters preparation using so42/tio2-sio2 as a solid acid catalyst
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2016
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16817/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16817/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16817/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16817/1/fist-2016-gaanty-Utilization%20of%20palm%20fatty%20acid%20distillate1.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:22:49Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:22:49Z
_version_	1777415770611908608

Utilization of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate in Methyl Esters Preparation using SO42/TiO2-SiO2 as a Solid Acid Catalyst

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