Predicting the Salt Water Intrusion in the Shatt al-Arab Estuary using an Analytical Approach

Longitudinal and vertical salinity measurements are used in this study to predict the extent of inland seawater intrusion in a deltaic river estuary. A predictive model is constructed to apply to the specific tidal, seasonal, and discharge variability and geometric characteristics of the Shatt al-Ar...

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Main Authors:	Abdullah, Ali D., Gisen, J. I. A., Pieter, van der Zaag, Hubert H. G., Savenije, Usama F. A., Karim, Ilyas, Masih, Ioana, Popescu
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	European Geosciences Union 2016
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16262/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16262/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16262/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16262/1/fkasa-2016-predicting%20the%20salt.pdf

id	ump-16262
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-162622018-05-21T01:37:48Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16262/ Predicting the Salt Water Intrusion in the Shatt al-Arab Estuary using an Analytical Approach Abdullah, Ali D. Gisen, J. I. A. Pieter, van der Zaag Hubert H. G., Savenije Usama F. A., Karim Ilyas, Masih Ioana, Popescu TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Longitudinal and vertical salinity measurements are used in this study to predict the extent of inland seawater intrusion in a deltaic river estuary. A predictive model is constructed to apply to the specific tidal, seasonal, and discharge variability and geometric characteristics of the Shatt al-Arab River (SAR) situated along the border of Iraq and Iran. Reliable hydrologic simulation of salinity dynamics and seawater intrusion was lacking prior to this study. Tidal excursion is simulated analytically using a 1-D analytical salt intrusion model with recently updated equations for tidal mixing. The model was applied under different river conditions to analyse the seasonal variability of salinity distribution during wet and dry periods near spring and neap tides between March 2014 and January 2015. A good fit is possible with this model between computed and observed salinity distribution. Estimating water abstractions along the estuary improves the performance of the equations, especially at low flows and with a well-calibrated dispersion–excursion relationship of the updated equations. Salt intrusion lengths given the current data varied from 38 to 65 km during the year of observation. With extremely low river discharge, which is highly likely there, we predict a much further distance of 92 km. These new predictions demonstrate that the SAR, already plagued with extreme salinity, may face deteriorating water quality levels in the near future, requiring prompt interventions. European Geosciences Union 2016-10-06 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en cc_by http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16262/1/fkasa-2016-predicting%20the%20salt.pdf Abdullah, Ali D. and Gisen, J. I. A. and Pieter, van der Zaag and Hubert H. G., Savenije and Usama F. A., Karim and Ilyas, Masih and Ioana, Popescu (2016) Predicting the Salt Water Intrusion in the Shatt al-Arab Estuary using an Analytical Approach. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 20 (10). pp. 4031-4042. ISSN 1027-5606 http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4031-2016 doi:10.5194/hess-20-4031-2016
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Abdullah, Ali D. Gisen, J. I. A. Pieter, van der Zaag Hubert H. G., Savenije Usama F. A., Karim Ilyas, Masih Ioana, Popescu Predicting the Salt Water Intrusion in the Shatt al-Arab Estuary using an Analytical Approach
description	Longitudinal and vertical salinity measurements are used in this study to predict the extent of inland seawater intrusion in a deltaic river estuary. A predictive model is constructed to apply to the specific tidal, seasonal, and discharge variability and geometric characteristics of the Shatt al-Arab River (SAR) situated along the border of Iraq and Iran. Reliable hydrologic simulation of salinity dynamics and seawater intrusion was lacking prior to this study. Tidal excursion is simulated analytically using a 1-D analytical salt intrusion model with recently updated equations for tidal mixing. The model was applied under different river conditions to analyse the seasonal variability of salinity distribution during wet and dry periods near spring and neap tides between March 2014 and January 2015. A good fit is possible with this model between computed and observed salinity distribution. Estimating water abstractions along the estuary improves the performance of the equations, especially at low flows and with a well-calibrated dispersion–excursion relationship of the updated equations. Salt intrusion lengths given the current data varied from 38 to 65 km during the year of observation. With extremely low river discharge, which is highly likely there, we predict a much further distance of 92 km. These new predictions demonstrate that the SAR, already plagued with extreme salinity, may face deteriorating water quality levels in the near future, requiring prompt interventions.
format	Article
author	Abdullah, Ali D. Gisen, J. I. A. Pieter, van der Zaag Hubert H. G., Savenije Usama F. A., Karim Ilyas, Masih Ioana, Popescu
author_facet	Abdullah, Ali D. Gisen, J. I. A. Pieter, van der Zaag Hubert H. G., Savenije Usama F. A., Karim Ilyas, Masih Ioana, Popescu
author_sort	Abdullah, Ali D.
title	Predicting the Salt Water Intrusion in the Shatt al-Arab Estuary using an Analytical Approach
title_short	Predicting the Salt Water Intrusion in the Shatt al-Arab Estuary using an Analytical Approach
title_full	Predicting the Salt Water Intrusion in the Shatt al-Arab Estuary using an Analytical Approach
title_fullStr	Predicting the Salt Water Intrusion in the Shatt al-Arab Estuary using an Analytical Approach
title_full_unstemmed	Predicting the Salt Water Intrusion in the Shatt al-Arab Estuary using an Analytical Approach
title_sort	predicting the salt water intrusion in the shatt al-arab estuary using an analytical approach
publisher	European Geosciences Union
publishDate	2016
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16262/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16262/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16262/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/16262/1/fkasa-2016-predicting%20the%20salt.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:21:46Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:21:46Z
_version_	1777415704396431360

Predicting the Salt Water Intrusion in the Shatt al-Arab Estuary using an Analytical Approach

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