Enhancement of Biodiesel Yield from High FFA Malaysian Rubber Seed Oil with Sodium Methoxide Treated Limestone

This paper presents the potential of high free fatty acid (FFA) Malaysian rubber seed oil (MRSO) as feedstock for biodiesel production. Precalcinated limestone known as clinker was activated using either methanol or sodium methoxide and transesterification was performed under reflux at constant...

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Main Authors:	Muhammad, Shahid Ali Wafa, Jolius, Gimbun, Cheng, C. K., Said, N.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Malaysian Technical Universities Network (MTUN) 2013
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11830/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11830/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11830/1/37%20Shahid_Ali_jet.vol4.no1.2013.pdf

id	ump-11830
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-118302017-12-14T02:53:57Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11830/ Enhancement of Biodiesel Yield from High FFA Malaysian Rubber Seed Oil with Sodium Methoxide Treated Limestone Muhammad, Shahid Ali Wafa Jolius, Gimbun Cheng, C. K. Said, N. TP Chemical technology This paper presents the potential of high free fatty acid (FFA) Malaysian rubber seed oil (MRSO) as feedstock for biodiesel production. Precalcinated limestone known as clinker was activated using either methanol or sodium methoxide and transesterification was performed under reflux at constant stirring. Mineral composition of the catalyst was analysed using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) with in build x-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates about 66% of CaO content. The rubber seed oil was obtained using both microwave and soxhlet extraction using hexane as solvent. FFA content and fatty acid methyl ester content were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The methanol activated limestone based catalyst derived from cement clinker showed an efficient conversion (up to 96.7%) of high FFA rubber seed oil to biodiesel, and the biodiesel yield was 75%. The yield of biodiesel improved significantly (up to 88%) when sodium methoxide loaded clinker was used. The results suggest that the sodium methoxide activated catalyst employed in this work was less likely to be negatively affected by moisture and free fatty acids as compared to the methanol activated catalyst. The biodiesel produced in this work is within the limits of specification described by ASTM D6751. Malaysian Technical Universities Network (MTUN) 2013-06-30 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11830/1/37%20Shahid_Ali_jet.vol4.no1.2013.pdf Muhammad, Shahid Ali Wafa and Jolius, Gimbun and Cheng, C. K. and Said, N. (2013) Enhancement of Biodiesel Yield from High FFA Malaysian Rubber Seed Oil with Sodium Methoxide Treated Limestone. Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4 (1). pp. 123-132. ISSN 2180-3811 http://journal.utem.edu.my/index.php/jet/article/view/186
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Muhammad, Shahid Ali Wafa Jolius, Gimbun Cheng, C. K. Said, N. Enhancement of Biodiesel Yield from High FFA Malaysian Rubber Seed Oil with Sodium Methoxide Treated Limestone
description	This paper presents the potential of high free fatty acid (FFA) Malaysian rubber seed oil (MRSO) as feedstock for biodiesel production. Precalcinated limestone known as clinker was activated using either methanol or sodium methoxide and transesterification was performed under reflux at constant stirring. Mineral composition of the catalyst was analysed using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) with in build x-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates about 66% of CaO content. The rubber seed oil was obtained using both microwave and soxhlet extraction using hexane as solvent. FFA content and fatty acid methyl ester content were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The methanol activated limestone based catalyst derived from cement clinker showed an efficient conversion (up to 96.7%) of high FFA rubber seed oil to biodiesel, and the biodiesel yield was 75%. The yield of biodiesel improved significantly (up to 88%) when sodium methoxide loaded clinker was used. The results suggest that the sodium methoxide activated catalyst employed in this work was less likely to be negatively affected by moisture and free fatty acids as compared to the methanol activated catalyst. The biodiesel produced in this work is within the limits of specification described by ASTM D6751.
format	Article
author	Muhammad, Shahid Ali Wafa Jolius, Gimbun Cheng, C. K. Said, N.
author_facet	Muhammad, Shahid Ali Wafa Jolius, Gimbun Cheng, C. K. Said, N.
author_sort	Muhammad, Shahid Ali Wafa
title	Enhancement of Biodiesel Yield from High FFA Malaysian Rubber Seed Oil with Sodium Methoxide Treated Limestone
title_short	Enhancement of Biodiesel Yield from High FFA Malaysian Rubber Seed Oil with Sodium Methoxide Treated Limestone
title_full	Enhancement of Biodiesel Yield from High FFA Malaysian Rubber Seed Oil with Sodium Methoxide Treated Limestone
title_fullStr	Enhancement of Biodiesel Yield from High FFA Malaysian Rubber Seed Oil with Sodium Methoxide Treated Limestone
title_full_unstemmed	Enhancement of Biodiesel Yield from High FFA Malaysian Rubber Seed Oil with Sodium Methoxide Treated Limestone
title_sort	enhancement of biodiesel yield from high ffa malaysian rubber seed oil with sodium methoxide treated limestone
publisher	Malaysian Technical Universities Network (MTUN)
publishDate	2013
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11830/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11830/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11830/1/37%20Shahid_Ali_jet.vol4.no1.2013.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:12:49Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:12:49Z
_version_	1777415141229330432

Enhancement of Biodiesel Yield from High FFA Malaysian Rubber Seed Oil with Sodium Methoxide Treated Limestone

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