Optimization of bleaching earth and extraction of free fatty acid (FFA) in palm oil refinery process

Physical refining has become the major processing route for crude palm oil in Malaysia. Degumming, bleaching and deodorization are essential processes that involves in palm oil refining. The purpose is the removal of gums, trace metals, pigments, peroxides, oxidation products and other breakdown pro...

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Main Author:	Siti Haizan , Mohd Mukhtar Affandi
Format:	Undergraduates Project Papers
Language:	English English English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11046/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11046/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11046/1/FKKSA%20-%20SITI%20HAIZAN%20MOHD%20MUKHTAR%20AFFANDI%20%28CD8943%29.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11046/2/FKKSA%20-%20SITI%20HAIZAN%20MOHD%20MUKHTAR%20AFFANDI%20%28CD8943%29%20CHAP%201.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11046/7/FKKSA%20-%20SITI%20HAIZAN%20MOHD%20MUKHTAR%20AFFANDI%20%28CD8943%29%20CHAP%203.pdf

id	ump-11046
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-110462015-11-04T00:56:35Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11046/ Optimization of bleaching earth and extraction of free fatty acid (FFA) in palm oil refinery process Siti Haizan , Mohd Mukhtar Affandi TP Chemical technology Physical refining has become the major processing route for crude palm oil in Malaysia. Degumming, bleaching and deodorization are essential processes that involves in palm oil refining. The purpose is the removal of gums, trace metals, pigments, peroxides, oxidation products and other breakdown products in the crude oil by adsorption on the active surface of the bleaching earth to improve colour and stability of the final oil (Siew et al., 1992). This research aims to study the Optimization of Bleaching Earth and Extraction of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) in Palm Oil Refinery Process which involves process of degumming and bleaching using neutral and acid-activated clays. Degumming is the pre-treatment stage of physical refining crude palm oil and these stages are identified as the major contributors to the total operating cost of the plant due to the cost of chemicals (phosphoric acid and bleaching earth) that are being used in these processes .Bleaching absorbs the undesirable impurities and other pigments. It also reduces the oxidation products, absorbs the phospholipids precipitated by phosphorus acid, and removes any excess present in the oil. Last stage for physical refining is deodorization. The pre-treated oil is deoerated and then heated to deodorization temperature and pressure. Under these condition , which the free fatty acids, which are still present in the oil are distilled together with the more volatile odoriferous and oxidation products such as aldehydes and ketone, which otherwise will affect the odor and the taste of the oil. In this research, a process model for degumming and bleaching operation will be designed in order to help the refiner‘s to predict the exact ratio of phosphoric acid and bleaching earth to the crude palm oil. By doing so, we could reduce the operating costs and time of the overall palm oil refining process. 2015-01 Undergraduates Project Papers NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11046/1/FKKSA%20-%20SITI%20HAIZAN%20MOHD%20MUKHTAR%20AFFANDI%20%28CD8943%29.pdf application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11046/2/FKKSA%20-%20SITI%20HAIZAN%20MOHD%20MUKHTAR%20AFFANDI%20%28CD8943%29%20CHAP%201.pdf application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11046/7/FKKSA%20-%20SITI%20HAIZAN%20MOHD%20MUKHTAR%20AFFANDI%20%28CD8943%29%20CHAP%203.pdf Siti Haizan , Mohd Mukhtar Affandi (2015) Optimization of bleaching earth and extraction of free fatty acid (FFA) in palm oil refinery process. Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang. http://iportal.ump.edu.my/lib/item?id=chamo:91191&theme=UMP2
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Siti Haizan , Mohd Mukhtar Affandi Optimization of bleaching earth and extraction of free fatty acid (FFA) in palm oil refinery process
description	Physical refining has become the major processing route for crude palm oil in Malaysia. Degumming, bleaching and deodorization are essential processes that involves in palm oil refining. The purpose is the removal of gums, trace metals, pigments, peroxides, oxidation products and other breakdown products in the crude oil by adsorption on the active surface of the bleaching earth to improve colour and stability of the final oil (Siew et al., 1992). This research aims to study the Optimization of Bleaching Earth and Extraction of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) in Palm Oil Refinery Process which involves process of degumming and bleaching using neutral and acid-activated clays. Degumming is the pre-treatment stage of physical refining crude palm oil and these stages are identified as the major contributors to the total operating cost of the plant due to the cost of chemicals (phosphoric acid and bleaching earth) that are being used in these processes .Bleaching absorbs the undesirable impurities and other pigments. It also reduces the oxidation products, absorbs the phospholipids precipitated by phosphorus acid, and removes any excess present in the oil. Last stage for physical refining is deodorization. The pre-treated oil is deoerated and then heated to deodorization temperature and pressure. Under these condition , which the free fatty acids, which are still present in the oil are distilled together with the more volatile odoriferous and oxidation products such as aldehydes and ketone, which otherwise will affect the odor and the taste of the oil. In this research, a process model for degumming and bleaching operation will be designed in order to help the refiner‘s to predict the exact ratio of phosphoric acid and bleaching earth to the crude palm oil. By doing so, we could reduce the operating costs and time of the overall palm oil refining process.
format	Undergraduates Project Papers
author	Siti Haizan , Mohd Mukhtar Affandi
author_facet	Siti Haizan , Mohd Mukhtar Affandi
author_sort	Siti Haizan , Mohd Mukhtar Affandi
title	Optimization of bleaching earth and extraction of free fatty acid (FFA) in palm oil refinery process
title_short	Optimization of bleaching earth and extraction of free fatty acid (FFA) in palm oil refinery process
title_full	Optimization of bleaching earth and extraction of free fatty acid (FFA) in palm oil refinery process
title_fullStr	Optimization of bleaching earth and extraction of free fatty acid (FFA) in palm oil refinery process
title_full_unstemmed	Optimization of bleaching earth and extraction of free fatty acid (FFA) in palm oil refinery process
title_sort	optimization of bleaching earth and extraction of free fatty acid (ffa) in palm oil refinery process
publishDate	2015
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11046/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11046/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11046/1/FKKSA%20-%20SITI%20HAIZAN%20MOHD%20MUKHTAR%20AFFANDI%20%28CD8943%29.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11046/2/FKKSA%20-%20SITI%20HAIZAN%20MOHD%20MUKHTAR%20AFFANDI%20%28CD8943%29%20CHAP%201.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11046/7/FKKSA%20-%20SITI%20HAIZAN%20MOHD%20MUKHTAR%20AFFANDI%20%28CD8943%29%20CHAP%203.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:11:22Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:11:22Z
_version_	1777415049681305600

Optimization of bleaching earth and extraction of free fatty acid (FFA) in palm oil refinery process

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