Iodine Status after a 3-Year Universal Salt Iodisation in Sarawak, Malaysia

Introduction Following the reveal of borderline iodine sufficiency among the Sarawakians from the 2008 National Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs) survey, a mandatory universal salt iodization (USI) was implemented in Sarawak thereafter. This study aimed to determine the current status of USI in...

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Main Authors:	Lim, Kuang Kuay, Jambai Endu, Chan, Ying Ying, Teh, Chien Huey, Hasimah Ismail, Lim, Kuang Hock, Kee, Chee Cheong
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2015
Online Access:	http://journalarticle.ukm.my/9136/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/9136/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/9136/1/vol_5_no_2_2015_82.pdf

id	ukm-9136
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ukm-91362016-12-14T06:49:05Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/9136/ Iodine Status after a 3-Year Universal Salt Iodisation in Sarawak, Malaysia Lim, Kuang Kuay Jambai Endu, Chan, Ying Ying Teh, Chien Huey Hasimah Ismail, Lim, Kuang Hock Kee, Chee Cheong Introduction Following the reveal of borderline iodine sufficiency among the Sarawakians from the 2008 National Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs) survey, a mandatory universal salt iodization (USI) was implemented in Sarawak thereafter. This study aimed to determine the current status of USI in Sarawak after a 3-year implementation of USI from 2008 to 2011. Methods The IDD survey was conducted between Jun 2011 to July 2011 involving six districts in Sarawak (Sarikei, Mukah, Kapit, Sibu, Bintulu and Miri). The schools were selected via multistage proportionate-to-population size sampling technique and the children were randomly selected via systematic sampling. A total of 19 schools and 661 children were recruited into the survey. Thyroid size was determined by palpation and was and graded according to the classification of the World Health Organization (grade 0-2). The iodine excretion level in spot morning urine was measured using inhouse microplate method. The urinary iodine concentration (UIC) values were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test and Chi-square tests were used to compare categorical variables. Results total of 610 school children were participated in the study (92.3%). The TGR of grade 1 and 2 was found to be 0.3% (n = 2). Overall the median UIC level was 154.2 (IQR, 92.7 - 229.8) μg/L, with the highest median UIC been observed in Sarikei [178.0 (IQR, 117.6 - 308.9) μg/L], followed by Mukah [174.8 (IQR, 99.0 - 224.3) μg/L)], Miri [158.6 (IQR, 92.3 - 235.4) μg/L], Sibu [147.0 (IQR, 89.8 - 221.4) μg/L], Bintulu [142.3 (IQR, 52.8 - 245.1) μg/L] and Kapit [131.0 (IQR, 88.6 - 201.9) μg/L]. One in every ten child was of iodine deficient (UIC < 50μg/L) while a third of the child (32%) were of adequate level of UIC. Conclusion The present findings indicate that the mandatory USI successfully improves the iodine level of children in Sarawak. However, regular and proper monitoring of the UIC level in the communities is needed to prevent excessive iodine intake. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2015-10-20 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/9136/1/vol_5_no_2_2015_82.pdf Lim, Kuang Kuay and Jambai Endu, and Chan, Ying Ying and Teh, Chien Huey and Hasimah Ismail, and Lim, Kuang Hock and Kee, Chee Cheong (2015) Iodine Status after a 3-Year Universal Salt Iodisation in Sarawak, Malaysia. International Journal of Public Health Research, 5 (2). pp. 631-636. ISSN 2232-0245 http://www.ijphr.ukm.my/Manuscript/vol 5 no 2 2015_82.pdf
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia
building	UKM Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
description	Introduction Following the reveal of borderline iodine sufficiency among the Sarawakians from the 2008 National Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs) survey, a mandatory universal salt iodization (USI) was implemented in Sarawak thereafter. This study aimed to determine the current status of USI in Sarawak after a 3-year implementation of USI from 2008 to 2011. Methods The IDD survey was conducted between Jun 2011 to July 2011 involving six districts in Sarawak (Sarikei, Mukah, Kapit, Sibu, Bintulu and Miri). The schools were selected via multistage proportionate-to-population size sampling technique and the children were randomly selected via systematic sampling. A total of 19 schools and 661 children were recruited into the survey. Thyroid size was determined by palpation and was and graded according to the classification of the World Health Organization (grade 0-2). The iodine excretion level in spot morning urine was measured using inhouse microplate method. The urinary iodine concentration (UIC) values were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test and Chi-square tests were used to compare categorical variables. Results total of 610 school children were participated in the study (92.3%). The TGR of grade 1 and 2 was found to be 0.3% (n = 2). Overall the median UIC level was 154.2 (IQR, 92.7 - 229.8) μg/L, with the highest median UIC been observed in Sarikei [178.0 (IQR, 117.6 - 308.9) μg/L], followed by Mukah [174.8 (IQR, 99.0 - 224.3) μg/L)], Miri [158.6 (IQR, 92.3 - 235.4) μg/L], Sibu [147.0 (IQR, 89.8 - 221.4) μg/L], Bintulu [142.3 (IQR, 52.8 - 245.1) μg/L] and Kapit [131.0 (IQR, 88.6 - 201.9) μg/L]. One in every ten child was of iodine deficient (UIC < 50μg/L) while a third of the child (32%) were of adequate level of UIC. Conclusion The present findings indicate that the mandatory USI successfully improves the iodine level of children in Sarawak. However, regular and proper monitoring of the UIC level in the communities is needed to prevent excessive iodine intake.
format	Article
author	Lim, Kuang Kuay Jambai Endu, Chan, Ying Ying Teh, Chien Huey Hasimah Ismail, Lim, Kuang Hock Kee, Chee Cheong
spellingShingle	Lim, Kuang Kuay Jambai Endu, Chan, Ying Ying Teh, Chien Huey Hasimah Ismail, Lim, Kuang Hock Kee, Chee Cheong Iodine Status after a 3-Year Universal Salt Iodisation in Sarawak, Malaysia
author_facet	Lim, Kuang Kuay Jambai Endu, Chan, Ying Ying Teh, Chien Huey Hasimah Ismail, Lim, Kuang Hock Kee, Chee Cheong
author_sort	Lim, Kuang Kuay
title	Iodine Status after a 3-Year Universal Salt Iodisation in Sarawak, Malaysia
title_short	Iodine Status after a 3-Year Universal Salt Iodisation in Sarawak, Malaysia
title_full	Iodine Status after a 3-Year Universal Salt Iodisation in Sarawak, Malaysia
title_fullStr	Iodine Status after a 3-Year Universal Salt Iodisation in Sarawak, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Iodine Status after a 3-Year Universal Salt Iodisation in Sarawak, Malaysia
title_sort	iodine status after a 3-year universal salt iodisation in sarawak, malaysia
publisher	Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
publishDate	2015
url	http://journalarticle.ukm.my/9136/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/9136/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/9136/1/vol_5_no_2_2015_82.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T19:54:04Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T19:54:04Z
_version_	1777406411825741824

Iodine Status after a 3-Year Universal Salt Iodisation in Sarawak, Malaysia

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