The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries

ASEAN countries heavily rely on tourism and therefore are vulnerable towards environmental disruptions. Tourism demand (TD), government expenditure on education (GEE) and income (INC) are among the main factors that increase the total global carbon dioxide emissions which lead to climate change, hen...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Nur Fadzlunnisaa Wakimin, A.A. Azlina, Hazman Samsudin, Mahirah Kamaludin
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2019
Online Access:	http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14139/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14139/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14139/1/jeko_53%283%29-6.pdf

id	ukm-14139
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ukm-141392020-02-07T10:52:40Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14139/ The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries Nur Fadzlunnisaa Wakimin, A.A. Azlina, Hazman Samsudin, Mahirah Kamaludin, ASEAN countries heavily rely on tourism and therefore are vulnerable towards environmental disruptions. Tourism demand (TD), government expenditure on education (GEE) and income (INC) are among the main factors that increase the total global carbon dioxide emissions which lead to climate change, hence making them the key focus areas in ASEAN-5 countries. This study analysed whether the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) holds for all ASEAN countries from 1970 until 2014 using nonlinear autoregression distribution lag (NARDL) method. It also analyses whether all variables are asymmetric to the environment in the long-run. In the long-run, the carbon dioxide emission response could have a negative change in INC for Malaysia (MLY), India (IND), Singapore (SNG), and the Philippines (PHL). However, in Thailand (THL), the carbon dioxide emission response could lead to a positive change in INC. This study found an asymmetric long-run effect of the INC, GEE, and TD on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries. In conclusion, EKC does not hold in all cases, but is detected in some of the variables. In this case, legal regulations are needed to avoid environmental degradation due to inefficient economic mechanisms that are insufficient to reduce the total global carbon dioxide emissions. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2019 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14139/1/jeko_53%283%29-6.pdf Nur Fadzlunnisaa Wakimin, and A.A. Azlina, and Hazman Samsudin, and Mahirah Kamaludin, (2019) The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 53 (3). pp. 1-17. ISSN 0127-1962 http://www.ukm.my/fep/jem/content/2019-3.html
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia
building	UKM Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
description	ASEAN countries heavily rely on tourism and therefore are vulnerable towards environmental disruptions. Tourism demand (TD), government expenditure on education (GEE) and income (INC) are among the main factors that increase the total global carbon dioxide emissions which lead to climate change, hence making them the key focus areas in ASEAN-5 countries. This study analysed whether the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) holds for all ASEAN countries from 1970 until 2014 using nonlinear autoregression distribution lag (NARDL) method. It also analyses whether all variables are asymmetric to the environment in the long-run. In the long-run, the carbon dioxide emission response could have a negative change in INC for Malaysia (MLY), India (IND), Singapore (SNG), and the Philippines (PHL). However, in Thailand (THL), the carbon dioxide emission response could lead to a positive change in INC. This study found an asymmetric long-run effect of the INC, GEE, and TD on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries. In conclusion, EKC does not hold in all cases, but is detected in some of the variables. In this case, legal regulations are needed to avoid environmental degradation due to inefficient economic mechanisms that are insufficient to reduce the total global carbon dioxide emissions.
format	Article
author	Nur Fadzlunnisaa Wakimin, A.A. Azlina, Hazman Samsudin, Mahirah Kamaludin,
spellingShingle	Nur Fadzlunnisaa Wakimin, A.A. Azlina, Hazman Samsudin, Mahirah Kamaludin, The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries
author_facet	Nur Fadzlunnisaa Wakimin, A.A. Azlina, Hazman Samsudin, Mahirah Kamaludin,
author_sort	Nur Fadzlunnisaa Wakimin,
title	The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries
title_short	The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries
title_full	The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries
title_fullStr	The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries
title_full_unstemmed	The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries
title_sort	impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in asean-5 countries
publisher	Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
publishDate	2019
url	http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14139/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14139/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14139/1/jeko_53%283%29-6.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T20:06:26Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T20:06:26Z
_version_	1777407189099479040

The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries

Similar Items