Effects of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride for sonochemical degradation on1,4-benzoquinone and hydroquinone in aqueous solution

1,4-benzoquinone, with the molecular formula C6H4O2, is generally known as a para-quinone. It is a six-member ring compound with an oxidized derivative known as 1,4-hydroquinone, which is a bright yellow crystal that has an irritating odour. On the other hand, hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4...

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Main Authors:	Uddin, Md. Helal, Okitsu, Kenji
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2018
Online Access:	http://journalarticle.ukm.my/13791/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/13791/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/13791/1/5.pdf

id	ukm-13791
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ukm-137912019-12-17T01:02:25Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/13791/ Effects of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride for sonochemical degradation on1,4-benzoquinone and hydroquinone in aqueous solution Uddin, Md. Helal Okitsu, Kenji 1,4-benzoquinone, with the molecular formula C6H4O2, is generally known as a para-quinone. It is a six-member ring compound with an oxidized derivative known as 1,4-hydroquinone, which is a bright yellow crystal that has an irritating odour. On the other hand, hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol, has the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2. It looks like a white granular solid. Quinone is generally used as a precursor to hydroquinone. The skeletal muscle relaxant, ganglion blocking agent, benzoquinonium, is made from benzoquinone. It is utilized to suppress double-bond migrations during olefin metathesis reactions. 1,4-benzoquinone is also used in the synthesis of Bromodol, while hydroquinone is the main ingredient in black-and-white photographic developers such as film and paper developers, where it diminishes the silver halide to elemental silver. There are various other uses related to this diminishing power. As a polymerization inhibitor, hydroquinone prevents the polymerization of methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, etc. Studies have demonstrated the various effects of Na2SO4 and NaCl on the sonochemical degradation of 1,4-benzoquinone and hydroquinone using a 200-kHz sonicator. The highest degradation rate was obtained in the presence of 0.433 M Na2SO4 for 1,4-benzoquinone. After 30 minutes of ultrasonic irradiation, the total concentration of 1,4-benzoquinone decreased to 99% in the presence 0.433 M Na2SO4. Without Na2SO4, the sonochemical degradation rate of 1,4-benzoquinone was 4.5 times higher than that of hydroquinone, whereas in the presence of 0.433 M Na2SO4 under the same conditions the initial reaction rate of 1,4-benzoquinone was increased to become 10.6 times higher than that of hydroquinone. On the other hand, in the presence of NaCl, no effects were observed for the decomposition of hydroquinone but negative effects were clearly observed for the decomposition of 1,4-benzoquinone. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2018-10 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/13791/1/5.pdf Uddin, Md. Helal and Okitsu, Kenji (2018) Effects of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride for sonochemical degradation on1,4-benzoquinone and hydroquinone in aqueous solution. Jurnal Kejuruteraan, 30 (2). pp. 161-169. ISSN 0128-0198 http://www.ukm.my/jkukm/volume-302-2018/
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia
building	UKM Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
description	1,4-benzoquinone, with the molecular formula C6H4O2, is generally known as a para-quinone. It is a six-member ring compound with an oxidized derivative known as 1,4-hydroquinone, which is a bright yellow crystal that has an irritating odour. On the other hand, hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol, has the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2. It looks like a white granular solid. Quinone is generally used as a precursor to hydroquinone. The skeletal muscle relaxant, ganglion blocking agent, benzoquinonium, is made from benzoquinone. It is utilized to suppress double-bond migrations during olefin metathesis reactions. 1,4-benzoquinone is also used in the synthesis of Bromodol, while hydroquinone is the main ingredient in black-and-white photographic developers such as film and paper developers, where it diminishes the silver halide to elemental silver. There are various other uses related to this diminishing power. As a polymerization inhibitor, hydroquinone prevents the polymerization of methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, etc. Studies have demonstrated the various effects of Na2SO4 and NaCl on the sonochemical degradation of 1,4-benzoquinone and hydroquinone using a 200-kHz sonicator. The highest degradation rate was obtained in the presence of 0.433 M Na2SO4 for 1,4-benzoquinone. After 30 minutes of ultrasonic irradiation, the total concentration of 1,4-benzoquinone decreased to 99% in the presence 0.433 M Na2SO4. Without Na2SO4, the sonochemical degradation rate of 1,4-benzoquinone was 4.5 times higher than that of hydroquinone, whereas in the presence of 0.433 M Na2SO4 under the same conditions the initial reaction rate of 1,4-benzoquinone was increased to become 10.6 times higher than that of hydroquinone. On the other hand, in the presence of NaCl, no effects were observed for the decomposition of hydroquinone but negative effects were clearly observed for the decomposition of 1,4-benzoquinone.
format	Article
author	Uddin, Md. Helal Okitsu, Kenji
spellingShingle	Uddin, Md. Helal Okitsu, Kenji Effects of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride for sonochemical degradation on1,4-benzoquinone and hydroquinone in aqueous solution
author_facet	Uddin, Md. Helal Okitsu, Kenji
author_sort	Uddin, Md. Helal
title	Effects of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride for sonochemical degradation on1,4-benzoquinone and hydroquinone in aqueous solution
title_short	Effects of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride for sonochemical degradation on1,4-benzoquinone and hydroquinone in aqueous solution
title_full	Effects of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride for sonochemical degradation on1,4-benzoquinone and hydroquinone in aqueous solution
title_fullStr	Effects of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride for sonochemical degradation on1,4-benzoquinone and hydroquinone in aqueous solution
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride for sonochemical degradation on1,4-benzoquinone and hydroquinone in aqueous solution
title_sort	effects of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride for sonochemical degradation on1,4-benzoquinone and hydroquinone in aqueous solution
publisher	Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
publishDate	2018
url	http://journalarticle.ukm.my/13791/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/13791/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/13791/1/5.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T20:05:39Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T20:05:39Z
_version_	1777407139889807360

Effects of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride for sonochemical degradation on1,4-benzoquinone and hydroquinone in aqueous solution

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