Health risk assessment of PM10 exposure among Malaysian adult population based on physical activity pattern

Introduction Most health advisories related to outdoor physical activity during haze are general in nature. The advisories normally advise everyone to reduce or limit prolonged exertion or heavy exertion without mentioning the acceptable duration for performing outdoor physical activity causing dif...

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Main Authors:	Norlen Mohamed, Lokman Hakim S, Thahirahtul Asma Zakaria, Anis Salwa Kamarudin, Ahmad Riadz Mazeli, Sirajuddin Hashim
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Jabatan Kesihatan Masyarakat, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2017
Online Access:	http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11575/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11575/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11575/1/83-541-1-PB.pdf

id	ukm-11575
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ukm-115752018-04-13T21:24:56Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11575/ Health risk assessment of PM10 exposure among Malaysian adult population based on physical activity pattern Norlen Mohamed, Lokman Hakim S, Thahirahtul Asma Zakaria, Anis Salwa Kamarudin, Ahmad Riadz Mazeli, Sirajuddin Hashim, Introduction Most health advisories related to outdoor physical activity during haze are general in nature. The advisories normally advise everyone to reduce or limit prolonged exertion or heavy exertion without mentioning the acceptable duration for performing outdoor physical activity causing difficulty for public to decide to stop or cancel a particular outdoor or sport event. The aim of this paper is to determine the acceptable duration for performing outdoor physical activity pattern based on API level. Methods Health risk assessment approach that comprises of hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response, and risk characterization steps were used to determine the potential inhaled dose and risk associated with performing the physical activity during haze. We have considered many factors that include time spent for physical activity patterns for Malaysian adult, age, physical intensity-specific inhalation rate (m3/min), and the indoor/outdoor ratio of PM10. A hypothetical exposure scenario of PM10 was created using the breakpoints of PM10 concentration for the calculation of respective API levels. Results The association between physical activity pattern, API level and risk quotient were presented in the form of risk radar diagram. In general, based on the average estimate, everyone should avoid high intensity physical activity and moderate exertion when API reach > 175 and > 200 respectively. Whereas, based on the high estimate, everyone should avoid high intensity physical activity and moderate exertion when API reach > 135 and > 150 respectively. Below the said API, the duration for performing prolonged exertion and heavy exertion should be adjusted according to the API level as stated in the recommended maximum duration for performing physical activity. Conclusions Reducing the physical activity is an effective strategy to lower the dose of inhaled pollutants and reduce the health risk during poor air quality. Based on the assessment, the recommended maximum duration for performing the physical activity based on API level was established as a guide for the authority or public to plan their activity during poor air quality. Jabatan Kesihatan Masyarakat, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2017 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11575/1/83-541-1-PB.pdf Norlen Mohamed, and Lokman Hakim S, and Thahirahtul Asma Zakaria, and Anis Salwa Kamarudin, and Ahmad Riadz Mazeli, and Sirajuddin Hashim, (2017) Health risk assessment of PM10 exposure among Malaysian adult population based on physical activity pattern. International Journal of Public Health Research, 7 (2). pp. 814-828. ISSN 2232-0245 http://spaj.ukm.my/ijphr/index.php/ijphr/issue/view/9
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia
building	UKM Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
description	Introduction Most health advisories related to outdoor physical activity during haze are general in nature. The advisories normally advise everyone to reduce or limit prolonged exertion or heavy exertion without mentioning the acceptable duration for performing outdoor physical activity causing difficulty for public to decide to stop or cancel a particular outdoor or sport event. The aim of this paper is to determine the acceptable duration for performing outdoor physical activity pattern based on API level. Methods Health risk assessment approach that comprises of hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response, and risk characterization steps were used to determine the potential inhaled dose and risk associated with performing the physical activity during haze. We have considered many factors that include time spent for physical activity patterns for Malaysian adult, age, physical intensity-specific inhalation rate (m3/min), and the indoor/outdoor ratio of PM10. A hypothetical exposure scenario of PM10 was created using the breakpoints of PM10 concentration for the calculation of respective API levels. Results The association between physical activity pattern, API level and risk quotient were presented in the form of risk radar diagram. In general, based on the average estimate, everyone should avoid high intensity physical activity and moderate exertion when API reach > 175 and > 200 respectively. Whereas, based on the high estimate, everyone should avoid high intensity physical activity and moderate exertion when API reach > 135 and > 150 respectively. Below the said API, the duration for performing prolonged exertion and heavy exertion should be adjusted according to the API level as stated in the recommended maximum duration for performing physical activity. Conclusions Reducing the physical activity is an effective strategy to lower the dose of inhaled pollutants and reduce the health risk during poor air quality. Based on the assessment, the recommended maximum duration for performing the physical activity based on API level was established as a guide for the authority or public to plan their activity during poor air quality.
format	Article
author	Norlen Mohamed, Lokman Hakim S, Thahirahtul Asma Zakaria, Anis Salwa Kamarudin, Ahmad Riadz Mazeli, Sirajuddin Hashim,
spellingShingle	Norlen Mohamed, Lokman Hakim S, Thahirahtul Asma Zakaria, Anis Salwa Kamarudin, Ahmad Riadz Mazeli, Sirajuddin Hashim, Health risk assessment of PM10 exposure among Malaysian adult population based on physical activity pattern
author_facet	Norlen Mohamed, Lokman Hakim S, Thahirahtul Asma Zakaria, Anis Salwa Kamarudin, Ahmad Riadz Mazeli, Sirajuddin Hashim,
author_sort	Norlen Mohamed,
title	Health risk assessment of PM10 exposure among Malaysian adult population based on physical activity pattern
title_short	Health risk assessment of PM10 exposure among Malaysian adult population based on physical activity pattern
title_full	Health risk assessment of PM10 exposure among Malaysian adult population based on physical activity pattern
title_fullStr	Health risk assessment of PM10 exposure among Malaysian adult population based on physical activity pattern
title_full_unstemmed	Health risk assessment of PM10 exposure among Malaysian adult population based on physical activity pattern
title_sort	health risk assessment of pm10 exposure among malaysian adult population based on physical activity pattern
publisher	Jabatan Kesihatan Masyarakat, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
publishDate	2017
url	http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11575/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11575/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11575/1/83-541-1-PB.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T20:00:39Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T20:00:39Z
_version_	1777406826114973696

Health risk assessment of PM10 exposure among Malaysian adult population based on physical activity pattern

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