Relationship between education and cognitive performance among healthy Malay adults

Higher level of education is associated with better cognitive performance and lower risk of developing dementia. However, the effect of education on cognitive performance varies across different cognitive domains and in different populations. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship b...

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Main Authors:	A.I.Z. Amir Hamzah, Z.H. Abu Bakar, N.F. Abdul Sani, Tan, J-K., Mohd Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri, K.N. Nor Aripin, M.D. Mohd Rani, N.A. Noh, Rosdinom Razali, Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin, S. Makpol, M. Mazlan, H. Abdul Hamid, W.Z. Wan Ngah
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2016
Online Access:	http://journalarticle.ukm.my/10280/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/10280/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/10280/1/11%20A.I.Z%20Amir.pdf

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spelling	ukm-102802017-04-06T07:20:41Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/10280/ Relationship between education and cognitive performance among healthy Malay adults A.I.Z. Amir Hamzah, Z.H. Abu Bakar, N.F. Abdul Sani, Tan, J-K. Mohd Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri, K.N. Nor Aripin, M.D. Mohd Rani, N.A. Noh, Rosdinom Razali, Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin, S. Makpol, M. Mazlan, H. Abdul Hamid, W.Z. Wan Ngah, Higher level of education is associated with better cognitive performance and lower risk of developing dementia. However, the effect of education on cognitive performance varies across different cognitive domains and in different populations. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between education and performance of different cognitive domains among healthy Malay adults. A total of 53 individuals aged 29 to 77 years participated in a battery of neurophysiological tests consisting of Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, digit span, visual reproduction and digit symbol speed test (DSST). Blood test was performed for each participant to obtain their biochemical profile. Educational level was divided into level 1 (PMR), level 2 (SPM), level 3 (STPM), level 4 (Diploma) and level 5 (Degree). Simple linear regression indicated that years of education was positively associated with scores of delayed visual reproduction (b=1.348, p=0.002) and DSST (b=3.257, p=0.012). However, scores of all the tests were not significantly different among different levels of education after controlling for age, gender and blood test profile by ANCOVA. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MMSE score was associated with red cell distribution width (b=-0.628, p=0.005), age (b=-0.119, p<0.001) and there was interaction between high density lipoprotein (HDL) with age (b=0.047, p<001). MoCA score was associated with age (b=-0.121, p<0.001), gender (male compared to female, b=1.870, p=0.020) and HDL (b=1.681, p=0.047). Age was associated with backward digit span (b=-0098, p<0.001) and immediate visual reproduction (b=-0.348, p<0.001), resp. Delayed visual reproduction was associated with age (b=-0.323, p<0.001) and potassium level (b=-4.471, p=0.016). DSST was associated with age (b=-0.911, p<0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (b=-0.754, p=0.002). The lack of association between educational level and cognitive performance after adjusting for confounders in this study maybe due to multiple factors influencing cognitive performance and further studies with a larger sample size are needed to further identify the factors involved. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2016-09 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/10280/1/11%20A.I.Z%20Amir.pdf A.I.Z. Amir Hamzah, and Z.H. Abu Bakar, and N.F. Abdul Sani, and Tan, J-K. and Mohd Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri, and K.N. Nor Aripin, and M.D. Mohd Rani, and N.A. Noh, and Rosdinom Razali, and Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin, and S. Makpol, and M. Mazlan, and H. Abdul Hamid, and W.Z. Wan Ngah, (2016) Relationship between education and cognitive performance among healthy Malay adults. Sains Malaysiana, 45 (9). pp. 1371-1379. ISSN 0126-6039 http://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol45num9_2016/contentsVol45num9_2016.htm
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia
building	UKM Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
description	Higher level of education is associated with better cognitive performance and lower risk of developing dementia. However, the effect of education on cognitive performance varies across different cognitive domains and in different populations. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between education and performance of different cognitive domains among healthy Malay adults. A total of 53 individuals aged 29 to 77 years participated in a battery of neurophysiological tests consisting of Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, digit span, visual reproduction and digit symbol speed test (DSST). Blood test was performed for each participant to obtain their biochemical profile. Educational level was divided into level 1 (PMR), level 2 (SPM), level 3 (STPM), level 4 (Diploma) and level 5 (Degree). Simple linear regression indicated that years of education was positively associated with scores of delayed visual reproduction (b=1.348, p=0.002) and DSST (b=3.257, p=0.012). However, scores of all the tests were not significantly different among different levels of education after controlling for age, gender and blood test profile by ANCOVA. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MMSE score was associated with red cell distribution width (b=-0.628, p=0.005), age (b=-0.119, p<0.001) and there was interaction between high density lipoprotein (HDL) with age (b=0.047, p<001). MoCA score was associated with age (b=-0.121, p<0.001), gender (male compared to female, b=1.870, p=0.020) and HDL (b=1.681, p=0.047). Age was associated with backward digit span (b=-0098, p<0.001) and immediate visual reproduction (b=-0.348, p<0.001), resp. Delayed visual reproduction was associated with age (b=-0.323, p<0.001) and potassium level (b=-4.471, p=0.016). DSST was associated with age (b=-0.911, p<0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (b=-0.754, p=0.002). The lack of association between educational level and cognitive performance after adjusting for confounders in this study maybe due to multiple factors influencing cognitive performance and further studies with a larger sample size are needed to further identify the factors involved.
format	Article
author	A.I.Z. Amir Hamzah, Z.H. Abu Bakar, N.F. Abdul Sani, Tan, J-K. Mohd Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri, K.N. Nor Aripin, M.D. Mohd Rani, N.A. Noh, Rosdinom Razali, Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin, S. Makpol, M. Mazlan, H. Abdul Hamid, W.Z. Wan Ngah,
spellingShingle	A.I.Z. Amir Hamzah, Z.H. Abu Bakar, N.F. Abdul Sani, Tan, J-K. Mohd Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri, K.N. Nor Aripin, M.D. Mohd Rani, N.A. Noh, Rosdinom Razali, Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin, S. Makpol, M. Mazlan, H. Abdul Hamid, W.Z. Wan Ngah, Relationship between education and cognitive performance among healthy Malay adults
author_facet	A.I.Z. Amir Hamzah, Z.H. Abu Bakar, N.F. Abdul Sani, Tan, J-K. Mohd Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri, K.N. Nor Aripin, M.D. Mohd Rani, N.A. Noh, Rosdinom Razali, Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin, S. Makpol, M. Mazlan, H. Abdul Hamid, W.Z. Wan Ngah,
author_sort	A.I.Z. Amir Hamzah,
title	Relationship between education and cognitive performance among healthy Malay adults
title_short	Relationship between education and cognitive performance among healthy Malay adults
title_full	Relationship between education and cognitive performance among healthy Malay adults
title_fullStr	Relationship between education and cognitive performance among healthy Malay adults
title_full_unstemmed	Relationship between education and cognitive performance among healthy Malay adults
title_sort	relationship between education and cognitive performance among healthy malay adults
publisher	Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
publishDate	2016
url	http://journalarticle.ukm.my/10280/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/10280/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/10280/1/11%20A.I.Z%20Amir.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T19:56:59Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T19:56:59Z
_version_	1777406595499556864

Relationship between education and cognitive performance among healthy Malay adults

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