Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli

Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli

Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. or golden penda (locally known as jambu kuning) is gaining its popularity in Malaysian landscape. However, under local climatic condition, the flowering of X. chrysanthus is very erratic and inconsistent. An investigation on the growth, physiology, floweri...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Mohd Roseli, Ahmad Nazarudin
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2015
Subjects:
Agricultural ecology (General)
Flowers and flower culture. Ornamental plants
Online Access:http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/21528/
http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/21528/1/TP_AHMAD%20NAZARUDIN%20MOHD%20ROSELI%20AT%2015_5.pdf
id uitm-21528
recordtype eprints
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Local University
institution Universiti Teknologi MARA
building UiTM Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
language English
topic Agricultural ecology (General)
Flowers and flower culture. Ornamental plants
spellingShingle Agricultural ecology (General)
Flowers and flower culture. Ornamental plants
Mohd Roseli, Ahmad Nazarudin
Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli
description Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. or golden penda (locally known as jambu kuning) is gaining its popularity in Malaysian landscape. However, under local climatic condition, the flowering of X. chrysanthus is very erratic and inconsistent. An investigation on the growth, physiology, flowering and identification of a suitable practice to induce flowering of this species was carried out. Based on the Biologishe Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and Chemical Industry scale, nine principal growth stages, i.e. bud development (stage 0), leaf development on tree branches (stage 1), formation of side shoots (stage 2), shoot elongation (stage 3), inflorescence emergence (stage 5), flowering (stage 6), fruit development (stage 7), maturity or ripening of fruit and seed (stage 8) and fruit senescence (stage 9) were determined in X. chrysanthus. Vegetative and reproductive stages of this species were completed within 198 and 176 days, respectively. Xanthostemon chrysanthus planted in loamy sandy soil at two selected urban sites in Kuala Lumpur, i.e. Metropolitan Batu Park (MBP) and Pusat Bandar Manjalara (PBM) showed that trees at MBP, which is a recreation park with bigger planting area, had better growth performance than those trees at road median at PBM. Significant higher coarse sand content in soil of PBM influenced the water holding capacity, causing significantly lower growth responses, especially the relative growth rate of canopy diameter and leaf area index. Physiologically, higher photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were recorded during rainy season with vegetative branches as compared to reproductive branches. Profuse flowering was observed with some trees at MBP in certain times while none of the trees flowered at some other times. On the other hand, moderate flowering was observed with all under study trees at road median at PBM at all time. A suitable approach to induce flowering was identified using a synthetic plant growth regulator (paclobutrazol, PBZ) combined with potassium nitrate (KNO3). Nine treatments with nine replicates, of different concentrations of PBZ and KNO3, were assigned in a completely randomized design. PBZ lengthened the flowering period to up to 73 days as compared to only 40 days for the control tree. However, smaller flower and lower flower abundance were observed with PBZ treatment. Concurrent vegetative growth inhibition included reduced tree height, diameter at breast height, canopy diameter and leaf area, while leaf area index and relative chlorophyll content increased with PBZ alone or with combined treatment of PBZ and KNO3. Palisade parenchyma thickness in the leaf was drastically increased, while xylem thickness in the stem reduced with PBZ existence. Similarly, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were reduced with PBZ. Total phenolic content was found increased, while total non-structural carbohydrate was reduced with the existence of PBZ. However, lower dosage of 0.125 mgi"1 PBZ combined with 100 g KNO3 per tree produced highest number of flowers per inflorescence and increased the inflorescence size. In addition, photosystem efficiency measurement showed that the trees were well adapted with the treatments. The practice of using PBZ and KNO3 has the potential as a tool to improve the aesthetic value of this species. It can be considered as a good candidate for the urban landscape. Besides being able to be induced to flower better, it also tolerates the harsh urban environments that are highly exposed to various biotic and abiotic stresses.
format Thesis
author Mohd Roseli, Ahmad Nazarudin
author_facet Mohd Roseli, Ahmad Nazarudin
author_sort Mohd Roseli, Ahmad Nazarudin
title Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli
title_short Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli
title_full Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli
title_fullStr Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli
title_full_unstemmed Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli
title_sort growth, physiological and flowering responses of xanthostemon chrysanthus (f. muell.) benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / ahmad nazarudin mohd roseli
publishDate 2015
url http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/21528/
http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/21528/1/TP_AHMAD%20NAZARUDIN%20MOHD%20ROSELI%20AT%2015_5.pdf
first_indexed 2023-09-18T23:06:45Z
last_indexed 2023-09-18T23:06:45Z
_version_ 1777418534172753920
spelling uitm-215282018-09-07T08:37:39Z http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/21528/ Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli Mohd Roseli, Ahmad Nazarudin Agricultural ecology (General) Flowers and flower culture. Ornamental plants Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. or golden penda (locally known as jambu kuning) is gaining its popularity in Malaysian landscape. However, under local climatic condition, the flowering of X. chrysanthus is very erratic and inconsistent. An investigation on the growth, physiology, flowering and identification of a suitable practice to induce flowering of this species was carried out. Based on the Biologishe Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and Chemical Industry scale, nine principal growth stages, i.e. bud development (stage 0), leaf development on tree branches (stage 1), formation of side shoots (stage 2), shoot elongation (stage 3), inflorescence emergence (stage 5), flowering (stage 6), fruit development (stage 7), maturity or ripening of fruit and seed (stage 8) and fruit senescence (stage 9) were determined in X. chrysanthus. Vegetative and reproductive stages of this species were completed within 198 and 176 days, respectively. Xanthostemon chrysanthus planted in loamy sandy soil at two selected urban sites in Kuala Lumpur, i.e. Metropolitan Batu Park (MBP) and Pusat Bandar Manjalara (PBM) showed that trees at MBP, which is a recreation park with bigger planting area, had better growth performance than those trees at road median at PBM. Significant higher coarse sand content in soil of PBM influenced the water holding capacity, causing significantly lower growth responses, especially the relative growth rate of canopy diameter and leaf area index. Physiologically, higher photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were recorded during rainy season with vegetative branches as compared to reproductive branches. Profuse flowering was observed with some trees at MBP in certain times while none of the trees flowered at some other times. On the other hand, moderate flowering was observed with all under study trees at road median at PBM at all time. A suitable approach to induce flowering was identified using a synthetic plant growth regulator (paclobutrazol, PBZ) combined with potassium nitrate (KNO3). Nine treatments with nine replicates, of different concentrations of PBZ and KNO3, were assigned in a completely randomized design. PBZ lengthened the flowering period to up to 73 days as compared to only 40 days for the control tree. However, smaller flower and lower flower abundance were observed with PBZ treatment. Concurrent vegetative growth inhibition included reduced tree height, diameter at breast height, canopy diameter and leaf area, while leaf area index and relative chlorophyll content increased with PBZ alone or with combined treatment of PBZ and KNO3. Palisade parenchyma thickness in the leaf was drastically increased, while xylem thickness in the stem reduced with PBZ existence. Similarly, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were reduced with PBZ. Total phenolic content was found increased, while total non-structural carbohydrate was reduced with the existence of PBZ. However, lower dosage of 0.125 mgi"1 PBZ combined with 100 g KNO3 per tree produced highest number of flowers per inflorescence and increased the inflorescence size. In addition, photosystem efficiency measurement showed that the trees were well adapted with the treatments. The practice of using PBZ and KNO3 has the potential as a tool to improve the aesthetic value of this species. It can be considered as a good candidate for the urban landscape. Besides being able to be induced to flower better, it also tolerates the harsh urban environments that are highly exposed to various biotic and abiotic stresses. 2015 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/21528/1/TP_AHMAD%20NAZARUDIN%20MOHD%20ROSELI%20AT%2015_5.pdf Mohd Roseli, Ahmad Nazarudin (2015) Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli. PhD thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA.

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