Epoxidation of palm oil using synthesized titanium-silica catalyst and investigation on the properties of acrylated epoxidized palm oil / Sharifah Nafisah Syed Ismail

Catalytic palm oil epoxidation using titanium-grafted silica, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxoformic acid was carried out at 60°C in a fixed batch reactor. Titanium-grafted silica with different percentages of silica content was prepared through sol-gel hydrolysis and was utilized in epoxidation of pal...

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Main Author:	Syed Ismail, Sharifah Nafisah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	Polymers. Macromolecules Chemical elements
Online Access:	http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15687/ http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15687/1/TM_SHARIFAH%20NAFISAH%20SYED%20ISMAIL%20AS%2015_5.pdf

id	uitm-15687
recordtype	eprints
spelling	uitm-156872016-12-06T15:01:54Z http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15687/ Epoxidation of palm oil using synthesized titanium-silica catalyst and investigation on the properties of acrylated epoxidized palm oil / Sharifah Nafisah Syed Ismail Syed Ismail, Sharifah Nafisah Polymers. Macromolecules Chemical elements Catalytic palm oil epoxidation using titanium-grafted silica, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxoformic acid was carried out at 60°C in a fixed batch reactor. Titanium-grafted silica with different percentages of silica content was prepared through sol-gel hydrolysis and was utilized in epoxidation of palm oil. They were characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ('H-NMR). The Ti-O-Si bonds were detected at 960 cm" 1 in Ti-Si 0.5 and exhibited highest yield of epoxidized palm oil (EPO) in the epoxidation process which is 8 6 % conversion of unsaturation in palm oil to epoxy groups. New peaks observed in the range of 8 2.4 ppm to 8 3.6 ppm in the ’H-NMR spectrum of EPO belong to protons of the epoxy cyclic ring group, CH-O-CH confirming successful epoxidation of palm oil using the prepared catalyst. For the catalyst recycle study, Ti-Si 0.5 withstood up to twice catalytic run with negligible changes in their selectivity and with a loss in their specific activity. This study indicated the true nature of heterogeneous catalysis on Ti-Si 0.5. An acrylated epoxidized palm oil (AEPO) was synthesized from EPO through ring opening of the oxirane group using acrylic acid as the ring opening agent. The %OOC reached 0.88% with acid value was 48.25. The derivatised of acrylic acid of AEPO was detected at 8 5.8 ppm to 8 6.5 ppm indicated the appearance of acrylate CH=CH2 . The new bands which may attributed to the vinyl functionality 1624 cm 1, CH2=CH-COO and also at absorption band of 961cm'1, =C-H as can be seen in FTIR result. The increased in viscosity of AEPO, 497.5 Cps was due to the -OH groups that was confirmed by appearance of peak at 3417cm"1 in FTIR. The synthesized AEPO was mixed with four different composition of photoinitiator and cured under ultra-violet radiation, the preparation of AEPO films in UV curing adhesive, AEPO 2wt% have the highest surface hardness. The AEPO 2wt% has the highest gel content whereas the AEPO 2.5wt% had the lowest gel content. The increasing of photoinitiator from lwt% to 2.5wt% in AEPO samples except for AEPO 1.5wt% showed increasing in adhesion strength. 2015 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15687/1/TM_SHARIFAH%20NAFISAH%20SYED%20ISMAIL%20AS%2015_5.pdf Syed Ismail, Sharifah Nafisah (2015) Epoxidation of palm oil using synthesized titanium-silica catalyst and investigation on the properties of acrylated epoxidized palm oil / Sharifah Nafisah Syed Ismail. Masters thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA.
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
building	UiTM Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	Polymers. Macromolecules Chemical elements
spellingShingle	Polymers. Macromolecules Chemical elements Syed Ismail, Sharifah Nafisah Epoxidation of palm oil using synthesized titanium-silica catalyst and investigation on the properties of acrylated epoxidized palm oil / Sharifah Nafisah Syed Ismail
description	Catalytic palm oil epoxidation using titanium-grafted silica, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxoformic acid was carried out at 60°C in a fixed batch reactor. Titanium-grafted silica with different percentages of silica content was prepared through sol-gel hydrolysis and was utilized in epoxidation of palm oil. They were characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ('H-NMR). The Ti-O-Si bonds were detected at 960 cm" 1 in Ti-Si 0.5 and exhibited highest yield of epoxidized palm oil (EPO) in the epoxidation process which is 8 6 % conversion of unsaturation in palm oil to epoxy groups. New peaks observed in the range of 8 2.4 ppm to 8 3.6 ppm in the ’H-NMR spectrum of EPO belong to protons of the epoxy cyclic ring group, CH-O-CH confirming successful epoxidation of palm oil using the prepared catalyst. For the catalyst recycle study, Ti-Si 0.5 withstood up to twice catalytic run with negligible changes in their selectivity and with a loss in their specific activity. This study indicated the true nature of heterogeneous catalysis on Ti-Si 0.5. An acrylated epoxidized palm oil (AEPO) was synthesized from EPO through ring opening of the oxirane group using acrylic acid as the ring opening agent. The %OOC reached 0.88% with acid value was 48.25. The derivatised of acrylic acid of AEPO was detected at 8 5.8 ppm to 8 6.5 ppm indicated the appearance of acrylate CH=CH2 . The new bands which may attributed to the vinyl functionality 1624 cm 1, CH2=CH-COO and also at absorption band of 961cm'1, =C-H as can be seen in FTIR result. The increased in viscosity of AEPO, 497.5 Cps was due to the -OH groups that was confirmed by appearance of peak at 3417cm"1 in FTIR. The synthesized AEPO was mixed with four different composition of photoinitiator and cured under ultra-violet radiation, the preparation of AEPO films in UV curing adhesive, AEPO 2wt% have the highest surface hardness. The AEPO 2wt% has the highest gel content whereas the AEPO 2.5wt% had the lowest gel content. The increasing of photoinitiator from lwt% to 2.5wt% in AEPO samples except for AEPO 1.5wt% showed increasing in adhesion strength.
format	Thesis
author	Syed Ismail, Sharifah Nafisah
author_facet	Syed Ismail, Sharifah Nafisah
author_sort	Syed Ismail, Sharifah Nafisah
title	Epoxidation of palm oil using synthesized titanium-silica catalyst and investigation on the properties of acrylated epoxidized palm oil / Sharifah Nafisah Syed Ismail
title_short	Epoxidation of palm oil using synthesized titanium-silica catalyst and investigation on the properties of acrylated epoxidized palm oil / Sharifah Nafisah Syed Ismail
title_full	Epoxidation of palm oil using synthesized titanium-silica catalyst and investigation on the properties of acrylated epoxidized palm oil / Sharifah Nafisah Syed Ismail
title_fullStr	Epoxidation of palm oil using synthesized titanium-silica catalyst and investigation on the properties of acrylated epoxidized palm oil / Sharifah Nafisah Syed Ismail
title_full_unstemmed	Epoxidation of palm oil using synthesized titanium-silica catalyst and investigation on the properties of acrylated epoxidized palm oil / Sharifah Nafisah Syed Ismail
title_sort	epoxidation of palm oil using synthesized titanium-silica catalyst and investigation on the properties of acrylated epoxidized palm oil / sharifah nafisah syed ismail
publishDate	2015
url	http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15687/ http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15687/1/TM_SHARIFAH%20NAFISAH%20SYED%20ISMAIL%20AS%2015_5.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:54:25Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:54:25Z
_version_	1777417758098587648

Epoxidation of palm oil using synthesized titanium-silica catalyst and investigation on the properties of acrylated epoxidized palm oil / Sharifah Nafisah Syed Ismail

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