Intellectual Property Rights in the Breeding Industry : Farmers’ Interests
Intellectual property rights (IPRs) in plant breeding are being introduced or strengthened in developing countries as a result of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) of the World Trade Organization. Altho...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Brief |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/06/7014368/intellectual-property-rights-breeding-industry-farmers-interests http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9605 |
| id |
okr-10986-9605 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| spelling |
okr-10986-96052021-04-23T14:02:46Z Intellectual Property Rights in the Breeding Industry : Farmers’ Interests Louwaars, Niels Tripp, Rob Eaton, Derek AGRIBUSINESS AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS BIOTECHNOLOGY BREEDER COMMERCIAL FARMERS COMMERCIAL SEED COMMERCIAL SEED SECTOR COMMERCIAL SEED SYSTEM COMMERCIALIZATION CONSERVATION CROP CROP DIVERSITY EXPORT CROPS EXTENSION FARM FARMER FARMER ORGANIZATIONS FARMERS FARMING FARMING COMMUNITIES FIELD STUDY FOOD QUALITY FOOD SECURITY GENETIC GENETIC RESOURCES GRAINS INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES INNOVATION ISSUES LEGUMES NGOS NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS OWN SEED PLANT PLANT BREEDERS PLANT BREEDING PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION PLANTING PLANTING MATERIALS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SEED SECTOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL POLICY SEED SEED PROVISION SEEDS SMALLHOLDER SMALLHOLDER FARMERS SMALLHOLDERS SOYBEAN SUBSISTENCE SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE SUBSISTENCE CROPS Intellectual property rights (IPRs) in plant breeding are being introduced or strengthened in developing countries as a result of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) of the World Trade Organization. Although living organisms have traditionally been excluded from patent protection, pressures to promote plant breeding in several industrialized countries (including pressure from farmers' organizations) resulted in the development of specially adapted IPRs for plant varieties beginning in the 1930s. Why would farmers be interested in a legal instrument that is likely to make them pay more for seed? The answer is that farmers are the immediate beneficiaries of new varieties, and they benefit from increased investments in breeding. Decisions about what level of farmers' privilege is appropriate in national IPR legislation are further complicated by the related concept of farmers' rights. Farmers' associations and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that represent farmers need to be involved in the national debate on agricultural IPRs. Finally, In countries where the rights are weaker, it is important to recognize that private sector incentives for investment will be correspondingly lower, and that public-sector plant breeding will need to be well financed to provide the necessary support. 2012-08-13T09:04:42Z 2012-08-13T09:04:42Z 2006-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/06/7014368/intellectual-property-rights-breeding-industry-farmers-interests http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9605 English Agricultural and Rural Development Notes; No. 14 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Brief Publications & Research |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
AGRIBUSINESS AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS BIOTECHNOLOGY BREEDER COMMERCIAL FARMERS COMMERCIAL SEED COMMERCIAL SEED SECTOR COMMERCIAL SEED SYSTEM COMMERCIALIZATION CONSERVATION CROP CROP DIVERSITY EXPORT CROPS EXTENSION FARM FARMER FARMER ORGANIZATIONS FARMERS FARMING FARMING COMMUNITIES FIELD STUDY FOOD QUALITY FOOD SECURITY GENETIC GENETIC RESOURCES GRAINS INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES INNOVATION ISSUES LEGUMES NGOS NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS OWN SEED PLANT PLANT BREEDERS PLANT BREEDING PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION PLANTING PLANTING MATERIALS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SEED SECTOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL POLICY SEED SEED PROVISION SEEDS SMALLHOLDER SMALLHOLDER FARMERS SMALLHOLDERS SOYBEAN SUBSISTENCE SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE SUBSISTENCE CROPS |
| spellingShingle |
AGRIBUSINESS AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS BIOTECHNOLOGY BREEDER COMMERCIAL FARMERS COMMERCIAL SEED COMMERCIAL SEED SECTOR COMMERCIAL SEED SYSTEM COMMERCIALIZATION CONSERVATION CROP CROP DIVERSITY EXPORT CROPS EXTENSION FARM FARMER FARMER ORGANIZATIONS FARMERS FARMING FARMING COMMUNITIES FIELD STUDY FOOD QUALITY FOOD SECURITY GENETIC GENETIC RESOURCES GRAINS INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES INNOVATION ISSUES LEGUMES NGOS NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS OWN SEED PLANT PLANT BREEDERS PLANT BREEDING PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION PLANTING PLANTING MATERIALS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SEED SECTOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL POLICY SEED SEED PROVISION SEEDS SMALLHOLDER SMALLHOLDER FARMERS SMALLHOLDERS SOYBEAN SUBSISTENCE SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE SUBSISTENCE CROPS Louwaars, Niels Tripp, Rob Eaton, Derek Intellectual Property Rights in the Breeding Industry : Farmers’ Interests |
| relation |
Agricultural and Rural Development Notes; No. 14 |
| description |
Intellectual property rights (IPRs) in
plant breeding are being introduced or strengthened in
developing countries as a result of the Agreement on
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
(TRIPS) of the World Trade Organization. Although living
organisms have traditionally been excluded from patent
protection, pressures to promote plant breeding in several
industrialized countries (including pressure from
farmers' organizations) resulted in the development of
specially adapted IPRs for plant varieties beginning in the
1930s. Why would farmers be interested in a legal
instrument that is likely to make them pay more for seed?
The answer is that farmers are the immediate beneficiaries
of new varieties, and they benefit from increased
investments in breeding. Decisions about what level of
farmers' privilege is appropriate in national IPR
legislation are further complicated by the related concept
of farmers' rights. Farmers' associations and
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that represent farmers
need to be involved in the national debate on agricultural
IPRs. Finally, In countries where the rights are weaker, it
is important to recognize that private sector incentives for
investment will be correspondingly lower, and that
public-sector plant breeding will need to be well financed
to provide the necessary support. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Brief |
| author |
Louwaars, Niels Tripp, Rob Eaton, Derek |
| author_facet |
Louwaars, Niels Tripp, Rob Eaton, Derek |
| author_sort |
Louwaars, Niels |
| title |
Intellectual Property Rights in the Breeding Industry : Farmers’ Interests |
| title_short |
Intellectual Property Rights in the Breeding Industry : Farmers’ Interests |
| title_full |
Intellectual Property Rights in the Breeding Industry : Farmers’ Interests |
| title_fullStr |
Intellectual Property Rights in the Breeding Industry : Farmers’ Interests |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Intellectual Property Rights in the Breeding Industry : Farmers’ Interests |
| title_sort |
intellectual property rights in the breeding industry : farmers’ interests |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/06/7014368/intellectual-property-rights-breeding-industry-farmers-interests http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9605 |
| _version_ |
1764409989080809472 |