Aligning Climate Change Mitigation and Agricultural Policies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Greenhouse gas emissions are largely determined by how energy is created and used, and policies designed to encourage mitigation efforts reflect this reality. However, an unintended consequence of an energy-focused strategy is that the set of policy instruments needed to tap mitigation opportunities...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Larson, Donald F., Dinar, Ariel, Blankespoor, Brian
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ABATEMENT COSTS AFFORESTATION AFFORESTATION PROJECTS AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES AGRICULTURAL USES AGRICULTURAL WASTE ALLOCATION ALTERNATIVE POLICIES ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE GASES ASSESSMENT REPORTS ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GAS AVERAGE PRICE BASE-YEAR EMISSIONS BASES BIOCHEMISTRY BIODIVERSITY BIOMASS BIOMASS ENERGY BOREAL FORESTS CALCULATION CARBON CARBON CONTENT CARBON CREDITS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON EQUIVALENT CARBON IN SOILS CARBON MARKET CARBON MARKETS CARBON OFFSETS CARBON OFFSETTING CARBON POOLS CARBON PRICES CARBON SEQUESTRATION CARBON STOCKS CARBON STORAGE CARBON TAX CARBON UNITS CARBON UPTAKE CASE-BY-CASE BASIS CERTIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS CH4 CHANGES IN THE EARTH CHLORIDES CLASSIFICATION CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN TECHNOLOGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES CLIMATE CONDITIONS CLIMATE POLICY CO CO2 COMPOSTING CONSERVATION COST SAVINGS COSTS OF ABATEMENT CROP PRODUCTION CROPLAND CROPS CROWDING OUT CRUDE OIL DEGRADED LAND DEGRADED LANDS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DISCHARGE DISSOLUTION DOMESTIC EMISSIONS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS ECOSYSTEM EFFICIENCY GAINS ELECTRIC POWER EMISSION EMISSION ALLOWANCES EMISSION CEILINGS EMISSION GROWTH EMISSION LEVELS EMISSION PERMITS EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTION GOALS EMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS EMISSION REDUCTION UNITS EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSION TARGETS EMISSION TRADING EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION EMISSIONS REDUCTION ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EXPENDITURES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENVIRONMENTS EQUILIBRIUM EROSION ETHANOL FERROUS METALS FERTILIZATION FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FINANCIAL RESOURCES FOREST FOREST AREA FOREST CARBON FOREST FIRES FOREST FLOORS FORESTRY FORESTRY PRODUCTION FORESTRY PROJECTS FORESTS FREEZE FRESH WATER GHG GLOBAL EMISSIONS GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY GLOBAL WARMING GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL GOLD GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS CONCENTRATION GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GAS SINKS GREENHOUSE GASES GREENHOUSE GASSES GROUND CARBON HFCS HUMAN ACTIVITIES HUMAN ACTIVITY HYDROFLUOROCARBONS INCOME INDUSTRIAL GASES INSURANCE INSURANCE COSTS INTERNATIONAL EMISSION TRADING IPCC IRON LAND AREA LAND DEGRADATION LAND MANAGEMENT LAND PRODUCTIVITY LAND USE LAND USE CHANGE LAND-USE CHANGE LANDFILL LIVESTOCK ACTIVITIES LOGGING MARGINAL ABATEMENT MARGINAL ABATEMENT COST METHANE METHANE EMISSIONS N2O NATURAL RESOURCES NITROUS OXIDE NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS NUTRIENTS OIL REFINERIES ORGANIC CARBON ORGANIC MATERIAL ORGANIC MATTER ORGANIC SOILS ORGANIC WASTES OZONE OZONE LAYER PASTURES PENALTIES PERFLUOROCARBONS PFCS PLANTATIONS POLICY DECISIONS POLICY ENVIRONMENT POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTION PORTFOLIO POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES POWER GENERATION PRESERVATION PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS RANGES REDUCING EMISSIONS REGULATORY SETTINGS RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RESOURCE USE RESTORATION RESTORATION PROJECTS RISK MANAGEMENT RIVER SALINITY SCENARIOS SECONDARY MARKETS SF6 SOIL CARBON SPILLOVER EFFECTS STREAM SULFUR SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS TOTAL EMISSIONS TOTAL OFFSETS TRADABLE CARBON TRADABLE PERMITS TRADEOFFS TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSACTIONS COSTS UNCERTAINTIES USE OF OFFSETS VEGETATIVE COVER WATERSHED WETLAND WETLANDS WIND
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/06/16339483/aligning-climate-change-mitigation-agricultural-policies-eastern-europe-central-asia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9338

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Summary:	Greenhouse gas emissions are largely determined by how energy is created and used, and policies designed to encourage mitigation efforts reflect this reality. However, an unintended consequence of an energy-focused strategy is that the set of policy instruments needed to tap mitigation opportunities in agriculture is incomplete. In particular, market-linked incentives to achieve mitigation targets are disconnected from efforts to better manage carbon sequestered in agricultural land. This is especially important for many countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia where once-productive land has been degraded through poor agricultural practices. Often good agricultural policies and prudent natural resource management can compensate for missing links to mitigation incentives, but only partially. At the same time, two international project-based programs, Joint Implementation and the Clean Development Mechanism, have been used to finance other types of agricultural mitigation efforts worldwide. Even so, a review of projects suggests that few countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia take full advantage of these financing paths. This paper discusses mitigation opportunities in the region, the reach of current mitigation incentives, and missed mitigation opportunities in agriculture. The paper concludes with a discussion of alternative policies designed to jointly promote mitigation and co-benefits for agriculture and the environment.

Aligning Climate Change Mitigation and Agricultural Policies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

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