CGE Modeling of Market Access in Services

This paper examines how the applied multi-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) literature has moved into quantication of the impacts of greater market access for services. This includes discussion of multi-sector linkages to the service sect...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Christen, Elisabeth, Francois, Joseph, Hoekman, Bernard
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	AGREEMENT ON TRADE ARBITRAGE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BARRIER BARRIERS TO ENTRY BENCHMARK BENCHMARKING BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE DATA BORDER TRADE BUSINESS PRACTICES CARTEL CENTRAL PLANNING COMMERCE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS COMPETITIVENESS OF FIRMS CONFIDENTIALITY CONSUMER DEMAND CONSUMER PRICES CONSUMERS CONTESTABILITY CORE BUSINESSES COST STRUCTURE CROSS-BORDER SUPPLY CUSTOMS UNION DELIVERY OF SERVICES DEMAND FUNCTION DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIRECT VALUE DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC REGULATION DOMESTIC REGULATORY POLICIES DUOPOLY ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATES ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SERVICES ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION ENFORCEMENT OF CONTRACTS EXPORT PERFORMANCE EXPORT POSITIONS EXPORT SECTORS EXPORT STRUCTURE EXPORT VALUE EXPORTS FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FACTORS OF PRODUCTION FINAL GOODS FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIXED COSTS FOREIGN AFFILIATES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN PARTICIPATION FOREIGN PROVIDERS FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FULL LIBERALIZATION FUTURE RESEARCH GATS GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELING GRAVITY MODEL GRAVITY MODELS GROSS EXPORTS GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT GROSS OUTPUT GROSS VALUE GROWTH POTENTIAL GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HOME COUNTRY HUMAN CAPITAL IMPERFECT COMPETITION IMPORT COMPETITION IMPORTANCE OF SERVICES IMPROVED MARKET ACCESS INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INEFFICIENCY INFORMATION SERVICES INPUT PRICES INSURANCE INTANGIBLE INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT INVENTORY INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE IN GOODS LIBERALIZING TRADE M1 MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COSTS MARKET ACCESS MARKET ACCESS NEGOTIATIONS MARKET POWER MARKET STRUCTURE MARKET STRUCTURES MARKETPLACE MERCHANDISE MERCHANDISE TRADE MERCHANDISE TRADE FLOWS MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MODES OF SUPPLY MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION MONOPOLY MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION MULTILATERAL RULES MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES MULTINATIONAL FIRMS MULTIPLIERS OLIGOPOLY OPEN MARKETS OPENNESS OUTPUTS OUTSOURCING PATTERN OF TRADE POLITICAL ECONOMY POSITIVE EFFECTS PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRICE COMPARISONS PRICE CONTROL PRICE CONTROLS PRICE INDEXES PRICE MARGINS PRICE REGULATION PRIMARY FACTORS PRODUCT MARKET PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH REAL INCOME RED TAPE REDUCTION IN TARIFFS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS REGRESSION ANALYSIS REGULATORY BARRIERS REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT REGULATORY POLICIES REGULATORY POLICY REGULATORY REGIME REGULATORY REGIMES REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS REGULATORY RESTRICTIONS REPUTATION RETAIL SALES SAVINGS SERVICE MARKETS SERVICE SECTOR SERVICE SECTORS SERVICES MARKETS SERVICES SECTORS SERVICES TAKES SERVICES TRADE SHARE OF CAPITAL SINGLE MARKET SPECIALIZATION SPREAD STOCKS SUBSTITUTE SUBSTITUTES SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS SURPLUS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS TAX TELECOMMUNICATIONS TERMS OF TRADE TERMS OF TRADE EFFECTS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE BARRIERS TRADE COSTS TRADE DATA TRADE DIVERSION TRADE EXPANSION TRADE FLOWS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE MODELS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE REFORMS TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE TAX TRADE VOLUMES TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSACTIONS COSTS URUGUAY ROUND VALUE ADDED VALUE OF OUTPUT VALUE OF TRADE WAGES WELFARE GAINS WELFARE IMPACTS WELFARE LOSS WHOLESALE TRADE WORLD TRADE WTO
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/06/16428017/cge-modeling-market-access-services http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9324

Description
Summary:	This paper examines how the applied multi-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) literature has moved into quantication of the impacts of greater market access for services. This includes discussion of multi-sector linkages to the service sector, as well both measuring barriers to trade and investment (generally with a mix of firm surveys, price comparisons, and econometrics), and how changes in these barriers, however measured, have been implemented in the CGE literature. Three challenges are highlighted. The first is identification of how trade in services takes place and how market access is therefore affected by policy. The second is to find data sufficiently robust for modeling purposes. The third, linked to the data problem, is to quantify the barriers to be examined. Significant progress has been made in modeling foreign direct investment and linking this to productivity, which turns out to be important. The paper also provides an example of modeling productivity linkages to openness and domestic regulation, with an applied CGE model of Italy. This illustrates cross-sector linkages and the integration of economic data and policy measures to define service sector experiments. Priorities for future research include better modeling of market structure, the linkages between sectors and the complementarities between different modes of supplying services.

CGE Modeling of Market Access in Services

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