Rural Vulnerability in Serbia

In the presence of risk and uncertainty, measures such as poverty rates are inadequate to analyze the well-being of poor households. The poor are not only concerned about the current low levels of their income or consumption, but also the likelihood of experiencing stressful declines in these levels...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Ersado, Lire
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO MARKETS AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ASSET HOLDINGS AVERAGE WAGES BETTER ACCESS TO MARKETS BULLETIN CAPITAL INFLOWS CHRONIC POVERTY CHRONICALLY POOR CONFLICT CONSUMER GOODS CONSUMER PRICES CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION POVERTY CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING COVARIATE SHOCKS CREDIT MARKETS CURRENT POVERTY DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT REPORT DIMENSION OF VULNERABILITY DIRECT TRANSFERS DISADVANTAGED GROUPS DIVERSIFICATION DROUGHT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC REVIEW PAPERS ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMICS EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELDERLY EMPIRICAL APPLICATION EMPIRICAL MODEL EMPIRICAL WORK EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EXCHANGE RATE EXPLANATORY VARIABLES FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY SIZE FINANCIAL MARKETS FOOD POLICY FOOD PRICES GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS GROWTH RATE HEADCOUNT POVERTY HEALTH HEALTH CENTERS HIGH POVERTY HOSPITAL HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITY HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME INCOME GENERATION INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME RISK INCOME SHOCKS INEQUALITY INEQUALITY REDUCTION INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE LABOR MARKET LANDHOLDING SIZE LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVEL OF POVERTY LEVELS OF CONSUMPTION LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MARKET ECONOMY MIGRANTS NATIONAL POVERTY NEGATIVE IMPACT NEGATIVE SIGN NUMBER OF ADULTS NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA GROWTH POINT OF DEPARTURE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR HEALTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POPULATION CENSUS POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY OUTCOMES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMS POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPER POVERTY RISK POVERTY STATUS POVERTY THRESHOLD PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRAMMATIC POVERTY ASSESSMENT PROGRESS PUBLIC POLICIES PUBLIC POLICY PURCHASING POWER REAL EXCHANGE RATE REFUGEES REGIONAL DISPARITIES RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION RELATIVE ROLE RISK MANAGEMENT RISK SHARING RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL CREDIT RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL ECONOMIC GROWTH RURAL GAP RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL INCOMES RURAL LIFE RURAL POPULATION RURAL POVERTY RURAL RESIDENTS RURAL VULNERABILITY RURAL WELFARE SAFETY NETS SECONDARY SCHOOL SEX SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SOCIAL PROGRAMS SOCIAL SERVICES SUBSISTENCE URBAN AREAS URBAN POVERTY VULNERABILITY TO POVERTY WAGE RATES WATER MANAGEMENT
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/09/7063034/rural-vulnerability-serbia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9266

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Summary:	In the presence of risk and uncertainty, measures such as poverty rates are inadequate to analyze the well-being of poor households. The poor are not only concerned about the current low levels of their income or consumption, but also the likelihood of experiencing stressful declines in these levels in the future. Risks to livelihood are particularly important in rural areas where there is generally high dependence on agriculture and the environment. In this study, the author analyzes the nature, extent, and causes of rural vulnerability in Serbia using panel national household data from the 2002 and 2003 Serbia Living Standard Surveys. He measures rural vulnerability as a function of nonstochastic determinants of poverty as well as exposure to risk. While low levels of consumption (poverty) explain about 70 percent of vulnerability, the author identifies risk and uncertainty as crucial dimensions of rural life in accounting for the remaining 30 percent of household vulnerability. Households and regions with a greater share of their livelihood depending on agricultural activities are more at risk of vulnerability than those with a significantly higher share of their income coming from nonagricultural sources. Dependence on agricultural income is directly associated with higher aggregate risk, underscoring the agricultural sector's lopsided exposure to covariate shocks in general, and the negative impact of the 2003 drought in particular. Rural vulnerability to poverty and risk is also strongly associated with asset ownership and access to markets to mobilize them in time of need.

Rural Vulnerability in Serbia

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