The Contribution of Skilled Immigration and International Graduate Students to U.S. Innovation

The impact of international students and skilled immigration in the United States on innovative activity is estimated using a model of idea generation. In the main specification a system of three equations is estimated, where dependent variables are total patent applications, patents awarded to U.S....

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Main Authors:	Chellaraj, Gnanaraj, Maskus, Keith E., Mattoo, Aaditya
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	CAREERS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DOCTORAL DEGREES ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MODELS ECONOMISTS ELASTICITIES EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT ENGINEERING ENGINEERS ENROLLMENT EXPENDITURES FOREIGN STUDENTS GRADUATE EDUCATION GRADUATE PROGRAMS GRADUATE STUDENTS HIGHER EDUCATION HTML IMMIGRATION INNOVATION INNOVATIONS INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION INVENTIONS LABOR FORCE LEARNING LEGISLATION MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MEDIA MIGRANTS MOTIVATION NEW TECHNOLOGIES NEW TECHNOLOGY PAPERS PATENTS PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES QUOTAS REAL WAGES RESEARCH FUNDING ROYALTIES SCHOOL DROPOUTS SCHOOLS SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT SECONDARY EDUCATION SKILLED WORKERS STUDENT ENROLLMENT STUDY ABROAD TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL EDUCATION TECHNICAL TRAINING TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION TERMS OF TRADE TRAINING PROGRAMS UNDERGRADUATES UNEMPLOYMENT UNIVERSITIES UNIVERSITY GRANTS WAGES WORKERS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/05/5800523/contribution-skilled-immigration-international-graduate-students-innovation http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8957

id	okr-10986-8957
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-89572021-04-23T14:02:42Z The Contribution of Skilled Immigration and International Graduate Students to U.S. Innovation Chellaraj, Gnanaraj Maskus, Keith E. Mattoo, Aaditya CAREERS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DOCTORAL DEGREES ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MODELS ECONOMISTS ELASTICITIES EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT ENGINEERING ENGINEERS ENROLLMENT EXPENDITURES FOREIGN STUDENTS GRADUATE EDUCATION GRADUATE PROGRAMS GRADUATE STUDENTS HIGHER EDUCATION HTML IMMIGRATION INNOVATION INNOVATIONS INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION INVENTIONS LABOR FORCE LEARNING LEGISLATION MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MEDIA MIGRANTS MOTIVATION NEW TECHNOLOGIES NEW TECHNOLOGY PAPERS PATENTS PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES QUOTAS REAL WAGES RESEARCH FUNDING ROYALTIES SCHOOL DROPOUTS SCHOOLS SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT SECONDARY EDUCATION SKILLED WORKERS STUDENT ENROLLMENT STUDY ABROAD TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL EDUCATION TECHNICAL TRAINING TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION TERMS OF TRADE TRAINING PROGRAMS UNDERGRADUATES UNEMPLOYMENT UNIVERSITIES UNIVERSITY GRANTS WAGES WORKERS The impact of international students and skilled immigration in the United States on innovative activity is estimated using a model of idea generation. In the main specification a system of three equations is estimated, where dependent variables are total patent applications, patents awarded to U.S. universities, and patents awarded to other U.S. entities, each scaled by the domestic labor force. Results indicate that both international graduate students and skilled immigrants have a significant and positive impact on future patent applications, as well as on future patents awarded to university and nonuniversity institutions. The central estimates suggest that a 10 percent increase in the number of foreign graduate students would raise patent applications by 4.7 percent, university patent grants by 5.3 percent, and nonuniversity patent grants by 6.7 percent. Thus, reductions in foreign graduate students from visa restrictions could significantly reduce U.S. innovative activity. Increases in skilled immigration also have a positive, but smaller, impact on patenting. 2012-06-25T18:04:41Z 2012-06-25T18:04:41Z 2005-05 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/05/5800523/contribution-skilled-immigration-international-graduate-students-innovation http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8957 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3588 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	CAREERS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DOCTORAL DEGREES ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MODELS ECONOMISTS ELASTICITIES EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT ENGINEERING ENGINEERS ENROLLMENT EXPENDITURES FOREIGN STUDENTS GRADUATE EDUCATION GRADUATE PROGRAMS GRADUATE STUDENTS HIGHER EDUCATION HTML IMMIGRATION INNOVATION INNOVATIONS INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION INVENTIONS LABOR FORCE LEARNING LEGISLATION MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MEDIA MIGRANTS MOTIVATION NEW TECHNOLOGIES NEW TECHNOLOGY PAPERS PATENTS PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES QUOTAS REAL WAGES RESEARCH FUNDING ROYALTIES SCHOOL DROPOUTS SCHOOLS SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT SECONDARY EDUCATION SKILLED WORKERS STUDENT ENROLLMENT STUDY ABROAD TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL EDUCATION TECHNICAL TRAINING TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION TERMS OF TRADE TRAINING PROGRAMS UNDERGRADUATES UNEMPLOYMENT UNIVERSITIES UNIVERSITY GRANTS WAGES WORKERS
spellingShingle	CAREERS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DOCTORAL DEGREES ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MODELS ECONOMISTS ELASTICITIES EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT ENGINEERING ENGINEERS ENROLLMENT EXPENDITURES FOREIGN STUDENTS GRADUATE EDUCATION GRADUATE PROGRAMS GRADUATE STUDENTS HIGHER EDUCATION HTML IMMIGRATION INNOVATION INNOVATIONS INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION INVENTIONS LABOR FORCE LEARNING LEGISLATION MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MEDIA MIGRANTS MOTIVATION NEW TECHNOLOGIES NEW TECHNOLOGY PAPERS PATENTS PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES QUOTAS REAL WAGES RESEARCH FUNDING ROYALTIES SCHOOL DROPOUTS SCHOOLS SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT SECONDARY EDUCATION SKILLED WORKERS STUDENT ENROLLMENT STUDY ABROAD TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL EDUCATION TECHNICAL TRAINING TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION TERMS OF TRADE TRAINING PROGRAMS UNDERGRADUATES UNEMPLOYMENT UNIVERSITIES UNIVERSITY GRANTS WAGES WORKERS Chellaraj, Gnanaraj Maskus, Keith E. Mattoo, Aaditya The Contribution of Skilled Immigration and International Graduate Students to U.S. Innovation
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3588
description	The impact of international students and skilled immigration in the United States on innovative activity is estimated using a model of idea generation. In the main specification a system of three equations is estimated, where dependent variables are total patent applications, patents awarded to U.S. universities, and patents awarded to other U.S. entities, each scaled by the domestic labor force. Results indicate that both international graduate students and skilled immigrants have a significant and positive impact on future patent applications, as well as on future patents awarded to university and nonuniversity institutions. The central estimates suggest that a 10 percent increase in the number of foreign graduate students would raise patent applications by 4.7 percent, university patent grants by 5.3 percent, and nonuniversity patent grants by 6.7 percent. Thus, reductions in foreign graduate students from visa restrictions could significantly reduce U.S. innovative activity. Increases in skilled immigration also have a positive, but smaller, impact on patenting.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Chellaraj, Gnanaraj Maskus, Keith E. Mattoo, Aaditya
author_facet	Chellaraj, Gnanaraj Maskus, Keith E. Mattoo, Aaditya
author_sort	Chellaraj, Gnanaraj
title	The Contribution of Skilled Immigration and International Graduate Students to U.S. Innovation
title_short	The Contribution of Skilled Immigration and International Graduate Students to U.S. Innovation
title_full	The Contribution of Skilled Immigration and International Graduate Students to U.S. Innovation
title_fullStr	The Contribution of Skilled Immigration and International Graduate Students to U.S. Innovation
title_full_unstemmed	The Contribution of Skilled Immigration and International Graduate Students to U.S. Innovation
title_sort	contribution of skilled immigration and international graduate students to u.s. innovation
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/05/5800523/contribution-skilled-immigration-international-graduate-students-innovation http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8957
_version_	1764407422934319104

The Contribution of Skilled Immigration and International Graduate Students to U.S. Innovation

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